【摘要】 水下航行体近壁面航行时，其绕流场发生变化，稳定性和操纵性将受到影响。本文基于CFD方法，分析了水下航行体近上、下壁面及垂直狭窄航道条件下的直航、斜航水动力性能，得出以下结论：水下航行体近上或下壁面匀速直航时，存在阻力增加、吸体、吸尾效应；靠近上壁面不同距离航行时，垂向力和俯仰力矩的方向均发生改变，方向的转变间距比分别在5～6之间和3～4之间；在垂直狭窄航道航行时，上、下边界的壁面效应对其垂向力和纵倾力矩的影响存在较为明显的竞争关系，竞争百分比各占约50%。计算得到的水动力系数可基于间距比倒数进行拟合，在进行操纵性仿真时，可通过监测不同上、下间距比的组合，从图谱中获得壁面干扰下的水动力系数。更多还原

【Abstract】 When an underwater vehicle navigates near a wall, the flow field around the underwater vehicle will be changed, which greatly affects its stability and maneuverability. Based on the CFD method, the hydrodynamic performance, including straight-ahead performance, oblique navigation performance, was analyzed under the conditions of near upper wall, bottom wall and vertical narrow channel. Finally, the following conclusions are drawn: when the underwater vehicle sails at a constant speed near the upper or bottom wall, it generates increased resistance, body suction and tail suction. When the vehicle approaching the upper wall at different distances, the directions of vertical force and pitching moment will be changed, and the ratio of direction transition interval is between 5-6 and 3-4, respectively. When the underwater vehicle sails at a constant speed near the vertical narrow channel, the influence of the wall effect on its vertical force and pitching moment has a relatively obvious competition relationship, and the competitive percentage accounts for about 50%. All hydrodynamic coefficients can be fitted by quadratic polynomials based on the reciprocal of the spacing ratio. The hydrodynamic coefficient of wall effect can be obtained from a graph by monitoring the combinations of different upper and lower spacing ratios when simulating the maneuverability of underwater vehicles.更多还原