【摘要】 目的 探究侵爆型战斗部装药结构动态力学响应特性及其缓冲防护技术，以提升装药的安全性能。方法 系统综述国内外在该领域的相关研究成果，从战斗部构型弹体侵彻/穿甲过程中装药的动态力学响应入手，阐述采用试验研究及数值模拟等手段揭示的装药损伤演化规律；之后重点阐述多孔材料、橡胶、聚四氟乙烯等常用缓冲材料的力学性能与缓冲吸能机制，并详细介绍缓冲垫块、缓冲防护套及二者组合结构的防护结构设计原则与应用效果，总结材料类型、结构尺寸及组合方式等对缓冲防护效能的影响规律。结论 缓冲材料通过阻抗失配、能量耗散与应力重新分布等机制，可有效削弱冲击载荷，降低装药损伤与早爆风险，通过合理的缓冲材料选型和缓冲结构设计，能够显著提升战斗部装药安全性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The work aims to investigate the dynamic mechanical response characteristics of penetrator warhead explosive and develop related buffer protection technologies so as to improve the safety performance of the charge. The work systematically reviewed the relevant research achievements at home and abroad in this field. Regarding to the dynamic mechanical response of internal explosive during the penetration/perforation process of warheads, related experiments and numerical simulation methods used to investigate the damage evolution patterns of internal explosive were introduced in detail. Subsequently, the mechanical properties and energy-absorption mechanisms of several buffer materials, including porous materials, rubber and polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE), etc., were emphasized. Furthermore, the design principles and the applications of protective structures, such as buffer shims, buffer sleeves, and their combined structures, were also introduced systemically, in which the influence laws of material type, structural dimensions, and combination methods of buffer structures, on the buffer protection effectiveness were summarized. On the whole, through mechanisms such as stress wave impedance mismatch, energy dissipation, and stress redistribution, etc., the buffer materials can effectively weaken the impact load. Based on proper selection of buffer materials and optimization of buffer structure, the safety of inter explosive in the warhead can be enhanced significantly.更多还原