【摘要】 本文作者系统分析了变压器油中颗粒物对绝缘性能的影响机制及实际危害。研究表明，油中颗粒物，特别是纤维和金属杂质，会显著降低绝缘强度；大体积电极间隙，例如套管均压球区域，由于杂质存在的概率增大，其击穿场强显著低于小间隙试验值；非均匀电场中杂质也容易引发局部放电。通过典型实际案例，进一步证实了杂质污染的严重性，同时提出了相应的防护措施，包括覆盖固体绝缘层、实施专项滤油以及规范储油柜操作流程等。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper systematically analyzes the impact mechanisms and practical hazards of particulate matter in transformer oil on insulation performance. Research indicates that particles in the oil, particularly fibers and metal impurities, significantly reduce insulation strength. In large-volume electrode gaps, such as the bushing grading sphere region, the increased probability of impurity presence leads to a breakdown field strength markedly lower than values obtained in small-gap tests. Furthermore, impurities within non-uniform electric fields readily trigger partial discharges. Through representative real-world cases, this study further substantiates the severity of impurity contamination. Corresponding protective measures are proposed, including covering electrodes with solid insulation layers, implementing dedicated oil filtration, and standardizing conservator operating procedures.更多还原