【摘要】 比武较技是中华武术文明的核心实践形态，其现代化转型中“守正”与“创新”的辩证关系亟待深入探讨。以成都地区为田野，通过民族志、文献资料法等，系统考察了1912—1986年间武术徒手比武传统从“抢手”“打金章”到“蓉城武术擂台赛”的演变历程。研究发现：民间“抢手”通过以战验艺的日常实践，形塑了强者为尊的惯习，成为地方武术群体的文化基因；民国“打金章”以制度化擂台赛重构了暴力惯习，通过擂主制向淘汰制的规则转型，实现了暴力狂欢向文明较艺的符号转化；改革开放后的“蓉城擂台赛”则在延续技击本质的基础上，以分级制、媒介传播与商业运作推动传统武术的现代化调适。研究揭示出，武术传统的生命力源于“惯习再生产”机制——在历史惯习延续中，通过权力博弈、规则迭代与文化赋能，实现“守正”与“创新”的动态平衡。研究表明，武术的现代化需要以技击本质为根基，通过制度化激活传统基因，同时借助媒介化与市场化回应时代需求。为武术传统的创新性传承提供了区域实践范本，亦为全球化语境下中华文化遗产的现代转化贡献了理论启示。更多还原

【Abstract】 Martial arts combat is a core practical form of Chinese Wushu civilization, and the dialectical relationship between “upholding fundamental principles” and “breaking new ground” in its modernization remains critical yet under explored. Taking the Chengdu region as the field site and employing ethnographic methods alongside documentary analysis, this study systematically examines the historical evolution of the unarmed martial arts competition tradition from “Qiangshou”(sparring) and “Da Jinzhang”(Golden Medal Contests) to the “Rongcheng Wushu Leitai Competition” during the period from 1912 to 1986. The findings indicate that the folk practice of “Qiangshou”, through its everyday logic of testing skills through actual combat, cultivated a habitus characterized by the reverence for strength and became a cultural gene embedded within local Wushu communities. During the Republican period, “Da Jinzhang” reconstructed this combative habitus through institutionalized “Leitai” competitions. Through the transition from a challenger-defender format to an elimination-based system, it facilitated a symbolic transformation from violent spectacle to civilized martial contest. Following the Reform and Opening-up period, the “Rongcheng Leitai Competition”, while preserving the essential combative nature of martial arts, promoted the modern adaptation of traditional Wushu through graded competition systems, media dissemination, and commercial operations. The study further reveals that the vitality of Wushu traditions derives from a mechanism of “habitus reproduction”—that is, through the continuity of historical habitus, a dynamic balance between “upholding fundamental principles” and “breaking new ground” is achieved by means of power negotiations, rule iteration, and cultural empowerment. The findings suggest that the modernization of Wushu should remain grounded in their combative essence, revitalize traditional cultural genes through institutionalization, and respond to contemporary societal demands through mediatization and marketization. This study not only provides a regional model for the innovative transmission of Wushu traditions but also offers theoretical insights into the modern transformation of Chinese cultural heritage within the context of globalization.更多还原