【摘要】 为完善现有运动机能发展模型在解释训练效应的延迟性、累加性及时序调控机制方面的不足，运用文献资料法、调查研究法和逻辑论证法等研究方法，创造性地提出运动训练中“余波效应”理论，将“余波效应”定义为由特定训练负荷内容和结构所引发、表现为运动员机体的应激-适应水平和超量恢复进程在时间维度上的延迟性和累加性特征。该理论明确揭示了不同运动能力训练余波效应的时程特征与生理机制，并确立了以兼容性、时序性、减量调控及个体适应为核心的中周期训练安排原则。结合体能、技能、格斗及集体球类项目的实证案例，验证该理论在周期训练中的实际应用效果，构建的“余波效应”理论体系为周期训练计划提供了系统化的理论支撑与实践路径，对推动运动训练科学化进程和体育强国建设具有重要意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 To address the limitations of existing models of sport performance development in explaining the delayed, cumulative, and temporal regulation mechanisms of training effects, this study employs methods such as literature review, survey research, and logical reasoning to propose, in an original manner, the theory of the “residual wave effect” in sports training. The “residual wave effect” is defined as the delayed and cumulative characteristics of athletes’ stress-adaptation levels and supercompensation processes over time, induced by specific training load content and structure. This theory explicitly elucidates the temporal characteristics and underlying physiological mechanisms of residual wave effect associated with training different physical capacities, and establishes mesocycle training principles centered on compatibility, temporality, tapering regulation, and individual adaptation. Drawing on empirical cases from physical-dominant sports, skill-dominant sports, combat sports, and team ball sports, the study verifies the practical effectiveness of this theory in periodized training. The constructed theoretical system of the “residual wave effect” provides systematic theoretical support and practical pathways for periodized training planning, holding significant implications for advancing the scientific foundation of sports training and building a country strong in sports.更多还原