【摘要】 当前，中国职业足球治理同时面临行政机制与市场机制“双重失灵”，且二者相互强化，进一步导致治理体系运行低效。中国足球协会改革与中国足球职业联赛联合会的成立，已显现职业足球治理由单一行政主导向多元主体参与转型的制度意图，但社群机制与行政机制、市场机制之间的功能边界和协作逻辑仍需要进一步明确。通过引入互动式治理理论，从多元主体互动视角，构建中国职业足球“治理层级、治理要素与治理模式”三维分析框架，系统分析了中国职业足球目前面临的治理困境。同时，结合职业足球发展的国际经验，提出优化中国职业足球治理体系的具体路径。在治理层级方面，建立分层协同的治理结构，强化独立监督与规则执行，约束俱乐部行为，完善制度供给体系，重视战略与治理机制的协调。在治理要素方面，通过“理念—工具—行动”的系统耦合，通过价值共识与工具组合优化提升治理水平，以制度化的反馈与评估机制提升执行效能；在治理模式方面，促进自我治理、层级治理与合作治理的复合嵌套，推动由行政主导向多元主体互动转型，提升俱乐部自主管理能力，明确各主体职责边界，引入第三方评估与利益相关者参与机制，提升治理透明度和公众信任水平，实现中国职业足球治理效能整体跃升。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, the governance of professional football in China is confronted with a “dual failure” in administrative and market mechanisms, which mutually reinforce one another and further undermine the efficiency of the governance system. Although the reform of the Chinese Football Association and the establishment of the Chinese Professional Football League have signaled an intention of institutional shift from a single administrative-dominated model toward multi-actor participation, the functional boundaries and coordination logic among community mechanisms, administrative mechanisms, and market mechanisms remain insufficiently clarified. By introducing interactive governance theory, this study constructs a three-dimensional analytical framework encompassing governance levels, governance elements, and governance modes from the perspective of multi-actor interaction, and systematically examines the governance dilemmas currently facing professional football in China. Drawing on international experience in professional football development, the study further proposes concrete pathways for optimizing China’s professional football governance system. At the governance level, a hierarchically coordinated governance structure should be established, with strengthened independent supervision and rule enforcement to regulate club behavior, improve institutional supply, and enhance coordination between strategic objectives and governance mechanisms. At the level of governance elements, governance performance can be improved through the systematic coupling of “values-instruments-actions”, optimizing governance capacity via shared value consensus and effective policy instrument combinations, and enhancing implementation effectiveness through institutionalized feedback and evaluation mechanisms. With respect to governance modes, the study advocates a composite and nested integration of self-governance, hierarchical governance, and collaborative governance, promoting a transition from administrative dominance to multi-actor interaction. This includes strengthening clubs’ autonomous management capacity, clarifying the boundaries of responsibilities among stakeholders, introducing third-party evaluation and stakeholder participation mechanisms, and enhancing governance transparency and public trust, thereby achieving an overall improvement in the governance effectiveness of professional football in China.更多还原