【摘要】 为了研究不同类型及含量的添加剂对复合材料反应活性及热感度的影响规律，基于氧平衡原理设计了PTFE/Zr₇₀Cu₁₃Ni₁₀Al₇基复合体系配方；采用湿混法制备了含供氧型、催化型、金属及非金属型、含能点火型4类添加剂（质量分数5%、7.5%、10%）的复合材料；通过热重分析和5s爆发点测试对其反应活性和热感度进行了评价。结果表明，所有添加剂均能不同程度地降低体系起始分解温度(相较于纯PTFE/Zr₇₀Cu₁₃Ni₁₀Al₇的536.83℃),其中，Fe₂O₃（质量分数10%）、KClO₃（质量分数5%）的效果最为显著，起始分解温度分别降至490.0、494.41℃;同时含KNO₃（质量分数7.5%）、B/KNO₃（质量分数5%）、NC（质量分数7.5%）的体系在保持较低起始分解温度的同时，展现出较高的爆发点（分别为304.8、309.9、311.7℃）,热安全性更优。由此表明，添加剂能有效调控PTFE/Zr₇₀Cu₁₃Ni₁₀Al₇体系的反应特性，其中催化型与供氧型添加剂对提升反应活性的效果最为突出，而含能点火型添加剂有助于平衡反应活性与热安全性。更多还原

【Abstract】 To investigate the influence of different types and contents of additives on the reaction activity and thermal sensitivity of composite materials, the formulations of PTFE/Zr₇₀Cu₁₃Ni₁₀Al₇-based composite systems were designed based on the oxygen balance principle. Using a wet mixing method, composites containing four types of additives: oxygen-supplying, catalytic, metal and non-metal, and energetic ignition types（with mass fractions of 5%, 7.5%, and 10%）, were prepared. Their reactivity and thermal sensitivity were evaluated through thermogravimetric analysis and 5s explosion point tests. The results showed that all investigated additives could reduce the initial thermal decomposition temperature of the systems with various degrees(compared to 536.83℃ for pure PTFE/Zr₇₀Cu₁₃Ni₁₀Al₇). Among them, Fe₂O₃（mass fraction 10%） and KClO₃（mass fraction 5%） exhibited the most significant effects, lowering the initial temperature to 490.04℃ and 494.41℃, respectively. Meanwhile, the systems containing KNO₃（mass fraction 7.5%）, B/KNO₃（mass fraction 5%）, and NC（mass fraction 7.5%） maintained relatively low initial thermal decomposition temperatures while demonstrated high 5s explosion points（304.8, 309.9, and 311.7℃, respectively）, indicating superior thermal safety. This demonstrates that the investigated additives can effectively regulate the reaction characteristics of the PTFE/Zr₇₀Cu₁₃Ni₁₀Al₇ system, the additives with catalytic and oxygen-supplying features have the most prominent effects on enhancing reactivity, while energetic ignition additives help balance reactivity and thermal safety.更多还原