【摘要】 系统评估玉米秸秆直接还田、粪肥施用和生物炭添加3种秸秆还田方式对土壤中抗生素抗性基因（antibiotic resistance genes,ARGs）积累的影响，为选择环境友好型农业废弃物资源化利用方式、减少土壤ARGs污染提供科学依据。通过多数据库检索与文献分析发现：3种还田方式对土壤中ARGs的分布和传播具有显著影响。玉米秸秆直接还田在改善土壤结构和肥力的同时，也可能成为ARGs的载体，促进其在土壤微生物群落中的传播；粪肥施用对ARGs的传播影响显著，尤其是含有未分解抗生素的粪肥，是ARGs的重要来源；生物炭的影响则表现出双重效应，一方面可通过吸附作用降低ARGs的迁移扩散，另一方面则可能通过改变微生物群落结构促进特定ARGs的传播。总体而言，不同有机物质的添加对土壤ARGs风险水平的影响呈现多样性，具体效果受添加量、施用方式及土壤类型等多种因素的影响。未来研究需进一步探讨这些因素的交互作用机制，并通过合理管理降低ARGs的传播风险。更多还原

【Abstract】 To evaluate the effects of three straw returning methods including direct corn straw return,manure application,and biochar addition on the accumulation of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs) in soil,providing a scientific basis for selecting environmentally friendly agricultural waste utilization methods and reducing ARGs pollution in soil.Through multi-database retrieval and literature analysis,it was discovered that three straw returning methods significantly influenced the distribution and transmission of ARGs in soil.Maize straw returning improves soil structure and fertility,it may also serve as a vector for ARG dissemination within microbial communities.Livestock manure,particularly when containing undegraded antibiotics,acts as a major source of ARGs,substantially enhancing their proliferation.Biochar exhibits dual effects:its adsorptive capacity mitigates ARG mobility,yet alterations to microbial community structure may facilitate the spread of specific resistance determinants.In conclusion,the addition of different organic materials diversely affected the risk level of soil ARGs,with the specific effects being influenced by multiple factors including application rate,amendment methods,and soil types.Future research should focus on elucidating these interactive factors and developing management strategies to mitigate ARG transmission risks.更多还原