【摘要】 本文总结了瑞两优56占的选育过程、特征特性、栽培及制种技术。该品种是利用优质籼型光温敏核不育系瑞18S与籼型恢复系56占配组选育的高产优质两系杂交籼稻，2023年通过安徽省农作物品种审定委员会审定（皖审稻2023L021）。特征特性方面，该品种全生育期133.7 d，分蘖力强、株高适中、抗倒伏，丰产性好，2020—2021年区试平均产量647.78 kg/667 m~2；稻米品质优，对稻瘟病、稻曲病等表现为中感至感病。栽培技术要点包括适期播种（5月上中旬），咪鲜胺浸种催芽，播种后25～28 d移栽；施足底肥，水分管理遵循“浅水栽插、干湿交替、适时烤田、深水调温、排水黄熟”原则；病虫害防治以预防为主，苗期重点防虫，中后期综合防治纹枯病、稻瘟病、稻曲病及稻飞虱、稻纵卷叶螟等。制种技术要点包括精准协调父、母本花期、规范田间配置并严格去杂。具体操作上，母本于5月中旬播种，父本分两期播种，栽插时父、母本行比为2∶11；母本抽穗5%～10%时开始喷施“九二〇”，以调整父、母本姿态，父本盛花期及时进行人工或无人机辅助授粉；制种过程中严格去杂，待种子成熟度达80%～90%时选择晴天及时单收、单晒，授粉后割除父本行，全过程严防生物学及机械混杂。本文为该品种推广种植提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 The breeding process, characteristics, cultivation techniques, and seed production technology of Ruiliangyou 56 Zhan were summarized. This variety is a high yield, high quality two-line hybrid indica rice developed by crossing the high-quality indica photoperiod-thermo-sensitive genic male sterile line Rui 18S with the indica restorer line 56 Zhan. It was approved by the Anhui Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2023(Wanshendao 2023L021). In terms of characteristics, this variety has a total growth period of approximately 133.7 days, strong tillering ability, moderate plant height, and lodging resistance. It demonstrates good yield performance, with an average yield of 647.78 kg/667 m2 in regional trials conducted from 2020 to 2021. The rice has excellent quality and is moderately to moderately susceptible to diseases such as rice blast and rice blast. Key cultivation techniques include sowing at the appropriate time(early to mid-May), seed treatment with prochloraz for soaking and germination promotion, and transplanting 25–28 days after sowing. Sufficient base fertilizer should be applied, and water management should follow the principles of “shallow water for transplanting, alternating wet and dry conditions, timely field drying, deep water for temperature regulation, and drainage at yellow maturity”. Disease and pest control should prioritize prevention, focusing on pest control during the seedling stage and integrated management of diseases such as sheath blight, rice blast, and false smut, as well as pests such as planthoppers and leaf rollers during the mid-to-late stages. Seed production techniques involve precise coordination of the flowering periods of the parental lines, standardized field layout, and strict removal of off-types. Specifically, the female parent is sown in mid-May, while the male parent is sown in two batches. When planting, the ratio of parents to their own line is 2∶11. When 5%-10% of the female panicles have headed, gibberellin(“920”) is sprayed to regulate the plant height of the parental lines. Artificial or drone-assisted pollination is conducted during the peak flowering period of the male parent. Strictly remove impurities during the seed production process. When seed maturity reaches 80%-90%, the seeds are harvested and dried separately on sunny days. After pollination, the male parent rows are promptly cut, and biological and mechanical mixing must be strictly prevented throughout the process. This paper provides a reference for the promotion and cultivation of this variety.更多还原