【摘要】 为探究有机肥替代化肥对土壤及小麦籽粒重金属积累的影响及其健康风险，本研究在山东省小麦主产区5个试验点开展田间试验，设置不施肥(CK)、常规施肥(FP)、优化施肥(OPT)、在OPT基础上用15%和30%有机肥替代化肥(15%OF、30%OF)处理，分析土壤和小麦籽粒中铬(Cr)、镍(Ni)、砷(As)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)含量，并基于风险评估模型量化摄食该籽粒所带来的非致癌与致癌风险。结果表明：与不施肥对照相比，各施肥处理均显著提高小麦产量，其中15%OF处理产量最高，为9.58 t/hm~2,但各施肥处理间差异不显著。30%OF处理土壤中重金属As、Cd、Pb含量较FP处理分别显著提高6.93%、7.14%、4.19%,籽粒中As、Cd、Pb含量分别显著提高22.94%、33.22%、18.01%。健康风险模型评估表明，儿童非致癌风险指数高于成人，主要贡献因子为As(平均占儿童和成人风险的80.21%)。30%OF处理显著增加总致癌风险(总阈值致癌风险TTCR值较FP处理提高28.5%)。综合分析结果表明，15%OF处理在维持高产的同时，未显著增加重金属污染及健康风险，是兼顾产量与安全的适宜替代比例。本研究结果可为有机肥合理施用提供基于健康风险的实践依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 To investigate the effects of substituting chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers on heavy metal accumulation in soil and wheat grains as well as the consequent health risks, field experiments were conducted at five sites within Shandong Province’s primary wheat-producing regions. Five treatments were set as no fertilization(CK), conventional fertilization(FP), optimized fertilization(OPT), and substitution of chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers at 15% and 30% ratios(15%OF and 30%OF) based on OPT. Contents of chromium(Cr), nickel(Ni), arsenic(As), cadmium(Cd) and lead(Pb) in both soil and wheat grains were measured, and their health risks were evaluated using the established risk assessment models to quantify non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks. The results showed that all fertilization treatments significantly enhanced wheat yield compared to CK. The yield in 15%OF treatment was the highest as 9.58 t/hm~2, but no significant difference was observed among different fertilization treatments. Compared to the FP treatment, the 30%OF treatment increased the contents of As, Cd and Pb by 6.93%, 7.14% and 4.19% in soil, and 22.94%, 33.22% and 18.01% in grains, respectively. Risk assessments indicated that children faced higher non-carcinogenic risks than adults with As being the predominant contributor(averagely occupied 80.21% of the risk to children and adults). Additionally, the 30%OF treatment markedly elevated the total carcinogenic risk, showing a 28.5% increase in the total threshold carcinogenic risk(TTCR) compared to FP treatment. Comprehensive analysis showed that the 15%OF treatment effectively maintained high crop yield without significantly escalating heavy metal pollution or health risks, presenting an optimal balance between productivity and safety. The results of this study could provide a practical framework for the judicious use of organic fertilizers, grounded in health risk assessment.更多还原