【摘要】 目的 基于事件相关电位技术（ERPs）探究“红舌”与“热证”在脑神经机制领域的关系，为中医舌诊的客观化研究提供方法。方法 招募北京中医药大学在校硕士、博士研究生作为受试者，最终30名受试者研究数据纳入分析。受试者佩戴电极帽采集ERPs数据，并采用修改的图-词Stroop范式，将文字形式的“热性”“寒性”“中性”中医学症状体征与图片形式的“红舌”舌诊图像匹配呈现，构成三类实验刺激（即红舌舌诊图像+热性症状体征、红舌舌诊图像+寒性症状体征、红舌舌诊图像+中性症状体征）。通过记录、分析受试者在不同刺激类型呈现时的行为学数据（包括按键正确率与按键反应时）与脑电数据（包括特定脑电成分的波形观察与其波幅值在不同刺激类型、不同脑区差异的统计），探究“红舌”与“热性”“寒性”“中性”中医学症状体征之间是否存在认知关联或认知冲突。结果 红舌舌诊图像+热性症状体征刺激类型较其他刺激类型的按键反应时更短[主效应统计：P<0.001,F_{（1.333,38.663）}=13.24,η²=0.313]、按键正确率更高[主效应统计：P=0.046,F_{（1.564,45.367）}=3.593,η²=0.11]。所有刺激类型均诱发了较为明显的600～650 ms的正波成分（P600）、900～950 ms的负波成分（LNC）脑电成分以及微弱的400～450 ms的负波成分（N400）。P600呈右偏侧化趋势[脑区主效应：P=0.003,F_（2,58）=6.456,η²=0.182]，而LNC呈左偏侧化趋势[脑区主效应：P<0.001,F_（2,58）=13.304,η²=0.314]。结论 “红舌”与“热证”之间存在较弱的认知关联而与“寒证”之间存在较强的认知冲突，大脑的抑制控制过程在左右半球之间存在差异。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To explore the relationship between "red tongue" and "heat syndrome" in the field of cerebral neural mechanisms based on event-related potentials（ERPs） technology, so as to provide a method for the objective research of tongue diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）. Methods This study recruited master’s and doctoral students from Beijing University of Chinese Medicine as participants, and finally included the research data of 30 participants in the analysis. The participants wore electrode caps to collect ERP data, and a modified figure-word Stroop paradigm was adopted, in which the text-based TCM symptoms and signs of "heat", "cold", and "neutral" were matched and presented with figure-based tongue diagnosis images of "red tongue", forming three types of study stimuli, i. e. "red tongue diagnosis image + heat symptoms and signs", "red tongue diagnosis image + cold symptoms and signs", and "red tongue diagnosis image + neutral symptoms and signs". By recording and analyzing the behavioral data including key-press accuracy rate and key-press reaction time and electroencephalographic data including observation on waveforms of specific electroencephalographic components and statistics on differences in their amplitudes among different stimulus types and different brain regions of the participants when different types of stimuli are presented, this study explored whether there are cognitive associations or cognitive conflicts between "red tongue" and TCM symptoms and signs of "heat", "cold", and "neutral". Results For the stimulus type of "red tongue diagnosis image + heat symptoms and signs", the key-press reaction time was shorter(main effect statistics: P<0. 001, F_{（1. 333, 38. 663）} = 13. 24, η2 = 0. 313) and the key-press accuracy rate was higher(main effect statistics: P = 0. 046, F_{（1. 564, 45. 367）} = 3. 593, η2 = 0. 11) compared with other stimulus types. All stimulus types induced relatively obvious electroencephalographic components, including a positive wave component（P600） at 600～650 ms, a late negative component（LNC） at 900～950 ms, and a weak negative wave component（N400） at 400～450 ms. The P600 showed a right lateralization trend(main effect of brain regions: P = 0. 003, F_{（2, 58）} = 6. 456, η2 = 0. 182), while the LNC showed a left lateralization trend(main effect of brain regions: P<0. 001, F_{（2, 58）} = 13. 304, η2 = 0. 314). Conclusion There is a weak cognitive association between "red tongue" and "heat syndrome", while a strong cognitive conflict exists between "red tongue" and "cold syndrome", and the inhibitory control process of brain is different between the left and right hemispheres.更多还原