【摘要】 现场工程师是工程师内部的细分群体，主要负责工程生产及建成后的运行、维护，操作与工艺是其区别于设计、研发工程师的关键竞争力。在智能化生产时代，现场工程师的职业能力呈现出数字思维的深度嵌入、通用能力的情境辐射、以判断决策为核心的默会知识、基于具身认知的操作能力等特征。中国特色学徒制对现场工程师培养意义重大，其工学交替模式契合知识学习与工程能力形成需求；现代师徒关系推动工程能力形成方式现代化；协调性的劳动力机制满足校企合作诉求；合法身份赋予让学生得以参与情境学习。为推进面向现场工程师培养的中国特色学徒制，需要构建现场工程师培养的多元共治机制，探索支撑学徒制运行的制度环境；构建现场工程师培养的教学生态，提升现场工程师能力的形成质量；搭建现场工程师培养发展信息库，强化现场工程师培养的系统管理和过程评价。更多还原

【Abstract】 On-site engineers are a specialized subgroup within the engineering profession, primarily responsible for engineering production as well as the operation and maintenance of completed projects. Operations and techniques are key to distinguishing them from design and research engineers. In the era of intelligent production, the vocational ability of on-site engineers exhibits characteristics such as deep integration of digital thinking, contextual radiation of general ability, tacit knowledge centered on judgment and decision-making, and operational abilities grounded in embodied cognition. The apprenticeship system with Chinese characteristics holds significant importance for the training of on-site engineers. The working-learning alternation mode aligns with knowledge learning and engineering capabilities to produce demands; the modern mentor-apprentice relationship promotes the modernization of engineering ability development methods; the coordinated labor mechanism meets the needs of school-enterprise cooperation; legitimate status empowers students to engage in situational learning. To advance the apprenticeship system with Chinese characteristics aimed at training on-site engineers, it is necessary to establish a multi-stakeholder governance mechanism for their training, explore an institutional environment that supports the operation of apprenticeship system; build a teaching ecosystem for on-site engineer training to enhance the quality of their ability development; and set up an information database for on-site engineer training and development to strengthen systematic management and process evaluation of on-site engineers.更多还原