【摘要】 本文把年龄维度引入再分配研究中，为在老龄化社会中实现人口高质量发展与共同富裕提供了新视角。从一般均衡理论和福利经济学出发，论证了使用古典效用主义福利函数更符合中国现实需求，并以此为基础建立序贯博弈模型，证明将生产增能型的措施更多分配给年轻家庭可以实现社会福利最大化，并实证检验了福利再分配中的年龄效应：政府扶贫中的再分配模式将生产增能型福利措施分配给了要素禀赋比老年家庭更有优势的年轻家庭，即使在低禀赋家庭中，生产增能型福利措施也被分配给了年轻家庭，兜底保障型福利措施被分配给了老年家庭。这种体现年龄效应的再分配模式不仅没有形成逆向分配，还消除了年轻人的福利依赖，是再分配精准投入和公共资源配置效率的体现。在中国快速老龄化阶段，完善生育支持政策、加大教育投入、给年轻人足够的社会投资来提高人力资本和发展能力，是经济增长的动力源泉，也能实现社会福利效用最大化进而实现高质量的共同富裕。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper incorporates the age dimension into redistribution research, offering new perspectives for achieving high-quality population development and common prosperity in an aging society.Based on general equilibrium theory and welfare economics, it argues that the classical utilitarian welfare function better suits China’s current needs.A sequential game model is built, showing that allocating more production enhancing welfare measures to young families can maximize social welfare. Empirical analyses also reveal age effects in welfare redistribution.The government’s redistribution model allocates production enhancing welfare measures to young families with more advantageous factor endowments than elderly families.Even in low endowment families, production enhancing welfare measures are allocated to young families, and protective welfare measures are allocated to elderly families.This redistribution model that reflects the age effect not only avoids reverse distribution, but also eliminates the welfare dependence of young people, reflecting the precise investment in redistribution and the efficiency of public resource allocation.Facing China’s rapidly aging population, to improve fertility support, to investe more in education, and to provide sufficient social investment to the youth to boost human capital and capacity are key to economic growth and maximizing social welfare, thus enabling high-quality common prosperity.更多还原