【摘要】 内蒙古自治区是矿产资源大区，气候以温带大陆性气候为主，生态环境脆弱。露天煤矿长期开发利用造成矿区水土流失、土地荒漠化、草原退化等严重的生态问题。试验以干旱荒漠露天煤矿堆场为研究对象，施加保水缓释生物肥土壤改良剂，并种植多种牧草进行矿山土壤修复。结果表明，西部矿区矿山土壤施加土壤改良剂后，土壤养分、有机质含量都明显提高，随着生物有机肥添加量的增加，土壤中的氮、磷、钾和有机质含量均增加。随着建植年份的增加，土壤氮、磷、钾和有机质整体呈现“增加—减少—增加”的变化趋势，pH值呈现“降低—增加—不变”的变化趋势。在建植的第3年，土壤养分含量最高的处理是A8。随着保水剂添加量的增大，土壤保水率不断提高，每667 m~2土地的保水剂添加量为900 kg时，土壤保水率最大。在试验田播种无芒隐子草、扁穗冰草、白沙蒿、短花针茅、沙打旺和黄花补血草，并在建植的第2年、第3年对植物地上部分的植物种类、生物量、密度和盖度进行统计分析，试验的6种植物都建植成功。在建植的第3年，16个重复中，总盖度最大值为91%，平均值为76%，地上植被生物量干物质最大值为45.66 g，对应的处理为A8。从土壤的养分、有机质、pH值、保水率以及地上植物的生长情况综合分析，矿山土壤改良的最适配方案是A8的施肥组合，作为保水剂，每667 m~2土地的多孔硅添加量为300 kg，生物有机肥添加量为3 000 kg。修复第3年的土壤养分含量、有机质含量和保水率都高于修复前，地上植物的平均覆盖度能达到76%，矿山土壤建立自我修复功能，生态功能得到改善，实现矿区土壤改良和植被恢复的目的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is a region with abundant mineral resources,with a temperate continental climate and a fragile ecological environment.Long term development and utilization of open-pit coal mines have caused serious ecological problems such as soil erosion,land desertification,and grassland degradation in mining areas.The experiment takes the open-pit coal mine yard in arid desert as the research object,applies water-retaining slow-release biological fertilizer soil amendment,and plants various grasses for mine soil remediation.The results show that after applying soil amendments to the mining soil in the western mining area,the soil nutrients and organic matter content are significantly increased,with the increase of the amount of bio organic fertilizer added,the nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,and organic matter content in the soil all increase.With the increase of planting years,soil nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,and organic matter show an overall trend of “increase-decrease-increase”,while pH value shows a trend of “decrease-increase-unchanged”.In the third year of planting,the treatment with the highest soil nutrient content is A8.As the amount of water retaining agent added increases,the soil water retention rate continues to improve,when the amount of water-retaining agent added per 667 m~2 of land is 900 kg,the soil water retention rate reaches its maximum.In the experimental field,seedings are made of Cleistogenes songorica,Agropyron cristatum,Artemisia sphaerocephala,Stipa breviflora,Astragalus laxmannii,and Limonium aureum,in the second and third years of planting,statistical analysis is conducted on the plant species,biomass,density,and coverage of the aboveground parts of the plants,all six plants in the experiment are successfully planted.In the third year of planting,among the 16 replicates,the maximum total coverage is 91%,with an average of 76%,the maximum dry matter biomass of aboveground vegetation is 45.66 g,corresponding to treatment A8.Based on the comprehensive analysis of soil nutrients,organic matter,pH value,water-retention rate,and the growth of aboveground plants,the most suitable solution for soil improvement in mines is the fertilization combination of A8,as a water-retaining agent,the amount of porous silicon added per 667 m~2 of land is 300 kg,and the amount of bio organic fertilizer added is 3 000 kg.The nutrient content,organic matter content,and water-retention rate of the soil in the third year of restoration are higher than before restoration,the average coverage of aboveground plants can reach 76%,the self-restoration function of the mine soil is established,and the ecological function is improved,achieving the goal of soil improvement and vegetation restoration in the mining area.更多还原