【摘要】 大豆品种齐黄34具有高产、广适、优质、耐逆性强等突出特点，多年入选农业农村部主导品种。为明确齐黄34的遗传基础及其在新品种培育方面的应用价值，本研究对其系谱来源、亲本系谱组成与祖先亲本的遗传贡献率进行分析，并对齐黄34及由其衍生的24个大豆新品种的产量、品质性状进行对比分析。结果表明：齐黄34的细胞质祖先亲本为滨海大白花，并且聚合了金元、铁荚四粒黄、滨海大白花、即墨油豆、Mammoth Yellow等25个细胞核祖先亲本的优良基因。其衍生品种适宜的种植区域遍及山东、江苏、安徽、河南、湖北、江西、河北、陕西等省；衍生的品种包括高蛋白品种5个、高油品种2个。综合分析，齐黄34的广适、高产、优质等优良特性具有较强的遗传力和较高的一般配合力，该品种是培育新品种的骨干亲本，也是从基因组水平深入研究骨干亲本遗传基础形成的重要资源。更多还原

【Abstract】 The soybean cultivar Qihuang 34 has the outstanding characteristics of high yield, broad adaptability, superior quality, strong stress resistance, and has been consecutively recognized as a leading cultivar by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China.To clarify the genetic basis of Qihuang 34 and its application value in new cultivar development, this study analyzed its genealogical sources and analyzed the composition of parental lineages and genetic contribution rates of ancestral parents, and performed comparative analyses of yield and quality traits across 24 soybean cultivars derived from it.The results showed that the cytoplasmic ancestor parents of Qihuang 34 was Binhaidabaihua, and it integrates superior genes from 25 ancestral parents, including Jinyuan, Tiejiasilihuang, Binhaidabaihua, Jimoyoudou, Mammoth Yellow and 20 other ancestral parents.Derived cultivars of Qihuang 34 have been approved for cultivation in Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hebei, Shaanxi Province.Among them, five high-protein and two high-oil cultivars have been developed.Comprehensive analysis demonstrates that the superior traits of Qihuang 34,broad adaptability, high yield, and premium quality, exhibit strong heritability, establishing it as a foundational parent for novel cultivar breeding and a critical resource for genome-level investigations into the genetic architecture of elite parental lines.更多还原