【摘要】 作为一种水溶性维生素的“叶酸”(维生素B9)是所有生物体单碳代谢的必要辅助因子,对动植物生长发育具有重要作用。人体并不能自主合成叶酸,只能借助食物摄入来满足自身对它的需求;常因主食中的叶酸含量较低造成人体普遍缺乏,导致一系列生理代谢疾病(如巨幼红细胞性贫血、胎儿神经管畸形、动脉粥样硬化、抑郁症、癌症)的发生。近期在解析植物叶酸代谢途径关键基因功能、揭示叶酸代谢与其他代谢途径互作关系等方面取得一定进展。本文系统归纳总结了植物体内叶酸含量差异、生理功能、生物合成、运输与分解回补及代谢调控等方面的研究成果,并对未来深入探究植物叶酸代谢分子机制、培育高叶酸含量作物品种及优化植物性食物叶酸营养品质等相关研究方向进行展望,以期为改善人类叶酸营养状况提供更多科学依据与技术支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 Folate（vitamin B₉）, a water-soluble vitamin that the human body must obtain from food and cannot synthesize, is an essential cofactor for one-carbon metabolism in all organisms and plays a crucial role in the growth and development of plants and animals. Due to the relatively low folate content in staple foods, there is a common deficiency of folate in the human body, which shall cause the occurrence of a series of physiological and metabolic diseases（such as megaloblastic anemia, fetal neural tube defects,atherosclerosis, depression, and cancer）. Recent researches have made the certain progress in analyzing the key genes functions and metabolic pathway of folate in the plant and revealing the interaction relationships between folate metabolism and other metabolic pathways. This review systematically summarized the research achievements in aspects such as the differences of folate content, physiological functions,biosynthesis, transportation, decomposition and replenishment, and metabolic regulation in plants. It also looked forward to the relevant research directions in the future, including in-depth exploration of plant folate molecular metabolism, cultivation of crop varieties with high folate content and optimization of the folate nutritional quality of plant-based foods; which shall provide the more scientific basis and technical support for improving the human folate nutritional status.更多还原