【摘要】 目的：探讨危害健康的熬夜行为习惯自组织动力学结构、形成-改变动力学机制及其诊断、干预策略举措。方法：基于“健康相关行为自组织动力学理论框架”的“2345研究路径”,采用比较分析法、典型分析法、鱼骨分析法探究熬夜行为习惯的结构、机制、诊断和干预策略，提出干预举措。结果：(1)熬夜由一系列隶属于娱乐消遣行为(ELRB)和/或任务性相关(TRB)行为所承载，在个体生涯阶段中表现为偶尔熬夜、间歇性/阶段性熬夜和高频率熬夜/熬夜行为习惯3种典型的动力学状态，熬夜行为习惯通常由高频率ELRB和/或TRB支撑。(2)熬夜行为习惯形成的核心机制：当某种/些情境下熬夜带来的正向回报大于负向反馈时个体在这种/些情境下熬夜的动机强度/驱动力就会增强，并逐渐形成该类情境下的“情境-熬夜动机耦合体”,多种情境-熬夜动机耦合体协同构成“个体熬夜行为信念”,综合控制个体在相应情境下的熬夜行为，驱动行为频率增加并成为习惯。熬夜行为习惯改变的核心机制：当某种/些情境下不熬夜或早睡带来正向回报且总体上大于负向反馈时，这种/些情境下熬夜的动机/驱动力弱化，个体不断尝试这种/些情境下不熬夜引发“情境-熬夜动机耦合体”失效，“个体熬夜行为信念”逐步瓦解，熬夜习惯改变。(3)总体干预策略和三个水平策略包括确定关键参量、加强健康教育、强化不熬夜群体舆论、改变认知态度、弱化熬夜动机构成等。具体干预举措包括调整心态、管理时间以及发展个人技能三大类。结论：本研究明确了熬夜行为习惯的自组织动力学结构、形成-改变机制，提出了行为诊断、干预策略与举措建议，为深刻认识熬夜行为、实施熬夜健康教育提供了理论支撑，为其他健康相关行为的自组织动力学研究提供了参考。为深刻认识和有效干预危害健康的熬夜行为习惯、促进相关政策制订和人群健康管理提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To explore the self-organizing dynamics structure, mechanism of formation-change, diagnostic and intervention strategies for the harmful habit of staying up late behavior. Methods Based on the “2345 path” of self-organizing dynamics theory for health-related behaviors, comparative analysis, typical analysis, and fishbone analysis method were used to explore the structure, mechanism, diagnosis, and intervention strategies of staying up late behavior habits and propose intervention measures. Results Staying up late behavior is carried by a series of behaviors related to entertainment and leisure(ELRB) and/or related to task(TRB), and the frequency of which generally presents in individual career stages manifested as three typical dynamic states as occasional, intermittent/periodic and high-frequency staying up/staying up late behavior habit. Stable staying up late habit is usually supported by high-frequency ELRB and/or TRB. The core mechanism of staying up late habit formation is that when the positive returns brought by staying up late in certain situations/contexts are greater than the negative feedback, the motivation intensity/driving force in these situations/contexts will increase, and gradually form a “situation/contexts-staying up late motivation coupling”. The couplings of staying up late motivation in multiple situations/contexts constitute the “individual staying up late behavior belief”, which comprehensively controls the individual’s staying up late behavior in various situation/contexts, and causes an increasing frequency of behavior and becomes a habit. The core mechanism of staying up late habit change is that when the positive feedback brought by not staying up late or going to bed earlier in certain situations/contexts are greater than the negative feedback, individuals will gradually choose not to stay up late, leading to the failure of the “situations/contexts-staying up late motivation coupling” and gradually changing the habit. Overall intervention strategy and three level strategies include identifying key parameters, strengthening health education, enhancing public opinion about not staying up late, changing cognitive attitudes, and weakening the composition of staying up late motivation. And the specific intervention measures include adjusting mindset, managing time, and developing personal skills. Conclusion The self-organizing dynamic structure and formation change mechanism of the habit of staying up late were clarified, and the behavioral diagnosis, intervention strategies and measures were proposed, which provide reference for a deep understanding and effective intervention of the harmful habit of staying up late to health, promote relevant policy formulation, and population health management.更多还原