【摘要】 克隆性是生物在自然状态下自发地通过克隆生长或克隆生殖产生与自身基因型相同的具有独立性或潜在独立性子代个体的习性。具有克隆性的植物是克隆植物,它广泛存在于各类生态系统中,并在草原、冻原、湿地、竹林等许多生态系统中占据优势地位,发挥着重要作用。因此,探讨克隆植物对环境变化的响应和效应,及其适应意义,有助于全面理解影响生态系统组成、结构、功能和服务的关键过程和因素,也有助于建立基于自然的生态系统保护与修复技术和方案。该文从植物克隆性与克隆性状等基本概念出发,结合克隆植物生态学40多年来的研究进展,系统梳理了克隆植物对环境变化的响应,并从生态系统的组成、结构、功能和服务等方面综述了克隆植物的生态效应,总结了在推进可持续发展目标背景下的克隆植物生态学基础研究及其生态应用。最后,对克隆植物生态学的未来研究方向进行展望,并提出以下建议:以基于性状途径的响应-效应研究作为研究克隆植物生态学及植物克隆生态学的新范式;开展面向全球气候变化、土地退化、环境污染、生物入侵和生物多样性丧失等重大生态与环境问题的克隆植物生态学研究;回答在个体到生态系统多个组织层次上的克隆植物生态学、植物克隆生态学及其他相关的科学问题;加强群落及生态系统水平上的克隆植物生态学研究;探究植物克隆性的谱系格局和分子演化过程。更多还原

【Abstract】 Clonality is the ability of an organism, in natural conditions, to spontaneously produce independent or potentially independent offspring with the same genotype as their parents via clonal growth or clonal reproduction. Plants that possess clonality are clonal plants. They are ubiquitous in various types of ecosystems and dominate many ecosystems such as grasslands, tundra, wetlands and bamboo forests and play vital roles therein. Therefore, exploring clonal plants’ responses to and effects on changing environments and then their adaptive significances can deepen our understanding of the key processes and factors determining ecosystem composition, structure, functions and services, and help establish reliable natural solution-based ecosystem conservation and restoration techniques and programs. Starting from concept of plant clonality and clonal traits and in conjunction with over 40 years of progress in clonal plant ecology, we systematically tease out ecological responses of clonal plants to environmental changes, review the effects of clonal plants on ecosystems’ composition, structure, functions and services, and summarize basic and applied aspects of clonal plant ecology in the background of sustainable development. Finally, we propose future research directions of clonal plant ecology: using trait-based response-effect approach as new paradigm for clonal plant ecology/plant clone ecology; conducting clonal plant research in the context of vital eco-environmental challenges such as global climate change, land degradation, environmental pollution, biological invasion, and biodiversity loss; answering clonal plant ecology, plant clone ecology and and other-related scientific questions, at multiple organizational levels from individual to ecosystem; strengthening clonal plant research at the level of community/ecosystem; exploring phylogenetic pattern and molecular evolution process of plant clonality.更多还原