【摘要】 水稻作为我国主要粮食作物，其病虫害防治面临重大挑战，其中虫害是制约水稻产量和品质的关键因素。天敌昆虫在水稻害虫防治中发挥着重要的生态和经济价值，是实现绿色防控和农业可持续的重要生物资源。本文重点围绕水稻重要害虫(如稻飞虱、二化螟、稻纵卷叶螟等)的可持续治理，系统梳理和总结了稻田天敌昆虫资源三个关键领域：重要天敌昆虫种类(寄生性天敌和捕食性天敌)及其生物学特性、影响稻田天敌昆虫的主要因素以及稻田天敌昆虫的保护和助增技术，在此基础上提出了以充分发挥天敌昆虫控害作用为核心的水稻害虫生态防控技术体系，释放、涵养、储蓄、维持和保育天敌昆虫，发挥天敌昆虫周年控害作用，减少化学农药的使用，推动水稻生产的绿色发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rice, China’s primary staple crop, faces persistent threats from insect pests, which remain a major constraint on yield and quality. Natural enemies play crucial ecological and economic roles in rice pest management, serving as key biological agents for achieving green pest management and sustainable agriculture. Focusing on the sustainable management of major rice pests such as rice planthoppers, striped stem borers and rice leaf rollers, this review synthesizes recent advances in three key areas: 1) major natural enemy taxa, including parasitoid wasps and predatory arthropods, and their biological characteristics; 2) principal factors influencing the abundance and efficacy of natural enemies in paddy ecosystems; and 3) conservation and augmentation techniques to enhance their pest-suppressive potential. Based on these insights, an ecological pest management framework for rice production that emphasizes the release, conservation, and maintenance of natural enemies is proposed to ensure year-round pest suppression, reduce chemical pesticide dependence, and promote the green development of rice production.更多还原