【摘要】 为黄淮海麦区小麦条锈病的防控及小麦抗性基因的合理布局提供参考，从山东省泰安、济南和潍坊等7个市采集152份小麦病样，利用中国鉴别寄主和单基因系鉴别寄主对其进行毒性表型鉴定，并利用17对竞争性等位基因特异性PCR-单核苷酸多态性（kompetitive allele specific PCR-single nucleotide polymorphism,KASP-SNP）引物对其进行基因型分析，明确其遗传结构和多样性。结果显示：经分离和菌系扩繁从152份小麦病样中共获得152个小麦条锈菌菌系；经中国鉴别寄主鉴定，在152个小麦条锈菌菌系中，23个为已知小种，27个为未报道的新小种，其中贵农22类群为山东省条锈菌的优势类群；经单基因系鉴别寄主鉴定，152个小麦条锈菌菌系的致病类型为131种，race1(2.6%)为优势致病类型，条锈菌群体对AvSYr32NIL（携带抗病基因Yr32）小麦品种的毒性频率较低，且均不侵染AvSYr5NIL（携带抗病基因Yr5）和AvSYr15NIL（携带抗病基因Yr15）小麦品种，表明携带这些抗性基因的小麦品种仍可用于山东省小麦抗条锈基因布局和抗病育种。基于KASP-SNP分子标记数据的聚类分析显示，条锈菌泰安群体和济南群体、枣庄群体和临沂群体、潍坊群体和烟台群体之间均有着相似的遗传结构，而这6个群体与菏泽群体的遗传结构差异较大，与基于两套鉴别寄主的聚类结果相似。遗传结构分析、主成分判别分析和主坐标轴分析均表明山东省7个条锈菌群体内存在基因交流。山东省7个条锈菌群体96%的遗传变异发生在群体内部，仅4%的变异发生在群体之间，表明内部个体间遗传变异是山东省7个条锈菌群体遗传变异的主要原因。山东省7个条锈菌群体的毒性与基因型之间的相关性较低，且遗传距离与空间地理距离之间无相关性。更多还原

【Abstract】 This study provides references for the control of wheat stripe rust and the rational layout of wheat resistance genes in the Huang-Huai-Hai wheat-growing region. A total of 152 isolates were collected from seven cities in Shandong Province, including Tai’an, Jinan and Weifang. The virulence phenotyping was conducted using both Chinese differentials and Yr single-gene differentials. Meanwhile,17 pairs of kompetitive allele specific PCR-single nucleotide polymorphism(KASP-SNP) primers were used for genotype analysis to identify their genetic structure and diversity. The results showed that 152 wheat stripe rust pathotypes were obtained from the 152 strains of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici(Pst)after isolation and pathotype expansion. According to the identification by Chinese differentials, among the 152 Pst strains, 23 were known races and 27 were new races, among which Guinong 22 group was the dominant group of Pst in Shandong Province. The identification by Yr single-gene differentials revealed that the 152 Pst had 131 pathotypes, with race1(2.6%) being the predominant pathogenic type.The virulence frequency of Pst population to AvSYr32NIL(carrying resistance gene Yr32) was low, and none of them infected AvSYr5NIL(carrying resistance gene Yr5) and AvSYr15NIL(carrying resistance gene Yr15) wheat varieties. This indicates that wheat varieties carrying these resistance genes can still be used in the layout of wheat stripe rust resistance genes and disease-resistant breeding in Shandong Province. Cluster analysis based on KASP-SNP molecular marker data showed that there were similar genetic structures between Tai’an and Jinan populations, Zaozhuang and Linyi populations, and Weifang and Yantai populations. However, these six populations had a larger genetic structure difference with Heze population, which was similar to the clustering results based on the two sets of differentials.Genetic structure analysis, discriminant analysis of principal component(DAPC) and principal coordinate analysis(PCoA) all showed that there was gene flow within the Pst populations of the seven cities in Shandong Province, including Tai’an. 96% of the genetic variation of the Pst populations in the seven cities occurred within the populations, and only 4% of the variation occurred between populations, indicating that the genetic variation among individuals within the population was the main reason for the genetic variation of the Pst in the seven cities. There was a low correlation between the virulence and genotype of the Pst populations in the seven cities of Shandong Province, and no correlation between genetic distance and spatial geographical distance.更多还原