【摘要】 为获得对烟草花叶病毒（tobacco mosaic virus,TMV）具有广谱拮抗活性的生防细菌菌株，利用组织分离法从苹果树侧根、枝条和果皮组织中分离、纯化菌株，通过平板对峙试验初步筛查对苹果炭疽叶枯病菌Glomerella cingulata、苹果腐烂病菌Valsa mali、苹果轮纹病菌Botryosphaeria dothidea、马铃薯早疫病菌Alternaria solani和梨火疫病菌Erwinia amylovora有拮抗作用的菌株，利用半叶法进一步筛选对TMV有抑制效果的拮抗菌株，测定筛选菌株对TMV的诱抗作用、治疗作用及抑菌谱，并对其进行形态学、生理生化测定和分子生物学鉴定。结果显示：从苹果树侧根、枝条和果皮组织中共分离、纯化到50株菌株，其中22株菌株对5种主要植物病菌均有拮抗作用；在22株菌株中，15株菌株对TMV的抑制率超过50.00%。在15株菌株中，菌株G19、J18和J19对TMV的诱抗效果较好，诱抗防效分别为86.80%、81.58%和75.14%，菌株G19、J18和J19对TMV也表现出一定的治疗效果，治疗防效分别为65.26%、38.05%和24.07%。经鉴定，菌株G19为耐盐芽胞杆菌Bacillus halotolerans，菌株J18和J19均为绿针假单胞菌Pseudomonas chlororaphis。菌株G19、J19和J18对玉米纹枯病菌Rhizoctonia solani、苹果轮纹病菌、苹果炭疽叶枯病菌、苹果尖孢镰刀菌Fusarium oxysporum、马铃薯早疫病菌和苹果斑点落叶病菌A. alternata f. sp. mali的菌丝生长也有一定的抑制效果，抑制率介于30.94%～63.67%之间。表明筛选的菌株G19、J18和J19对TMV有显著拮抗作用，同时兼具广谱的抗菌活性，有较大的应用前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 To obtain biocontrol bacterial strains with broad-spectrum antagonistic activity against tobacco mosaic virus(TMV), strains were isolated and purified from the lateral roots, branches, and peel tissues of apple trees using the tissue isolation method. Preliminary screening for strains with effects against Glomerella cingulata, Valsa mali, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Alternaria solani, and Erwinia amylovora was conducted with plate confrontation tests. The half-leaf method was used to further screen for antagonistic strains with inhibitory effects on TMV. The induced resistance, therapeutic effects, and antibacterial spectrum of the screened strains against TMV were determined, and morphological, physiological, biochemical measurements, and molecular biological identification were performed. The results showed that 50 strains were isolated and purified from the lateral roots, branches, and peel tissues of apple trees, among which 22 strains had antagonistic effects against the five main plant pathogens.Among the 22 strains, 15 strains exhibited an inhibition rate against TMV exceeding 50.00%. Among the 15 strains, G19, J18, and J19 had higher induced resistance against TMV with induced resistance effect of 86.80%, 81.58%, and 75.14%, respectively. Strains G19, J18, and J19 also demonstrated certain therapeutic effects against TMV with therapeutic effect of 65.26%, 38.05%, and 24.07%, respectively.Strain G19 was identified as Bacillus halotolerans, while strains J18 and J19 both were Pseudomonas chlororaphis. Strains G19, J19, and J18 also had inhibitory effects on the mycelial growth of Rhizoctonia solani, B. dothidea, G. cingulata, Fusarium oxysporum, A. solani, and A. alternata f. sp. mali with inhibition rates ranging from 30.94% to 63.67%. This indicates that the screened strains G19, J18, and J19 have significant effects against TMV and also possess broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, demonstrating considerable application potential.更多还原