【摘要】 目的 分析肝移植患者流行病学特征及其变化趋势。方法 收集北京佑安医院2015年至2023年行肝移植手术患者的流行病学信息，应用Man-Kendall趋势检验分析年龄、性别、住院天数、肝移植适应证、肝病病因的逐年变化。结果 1 118例肝移植患者中，男性876例（78.4%）；平均年龄52.1岁，41～60岁患者居多；来源外省市占678例（60.6%）；平均住院天数26.5 d，且呈逐年下降趋势（Z=-3.232,P=0.001）。肝恶性肿瘤（46.5%）、肝硬化失代偿期（24.3%）为肝移植的主要适应证，其次是慢加急性肝衰竭（15.2%）、慢性肝衰竭（6.2%）；急性/亚急性肝衰竭占6.5%，且呈逐年增加趋势（Z=2.398,P=0.017）。乙型肝炎仍然为慢性肝病主要病因（55.5%），其次为酒精性肝病（17.7%）、隐源性肝病（8.1%）、自身免疫性肝病（6.0%）、乙型肝炎+酒精性肝病（5.8%）。乙型肝炎的比例逐年下降（Z=-2.189,P=0.029），而酒精性肝病的比例呈显著上升趋势（Z=2.819,P=0.005）。结论 男性，41～60岁是肝移植重点人群，以肝恶性肿瘤、肝硬化失代偿期等终末期肝病为主，乙型肝炎占比呈逐年减少趋势，而酒精性肝病呈逐年增加趋势。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics and trends of liver transplantation,and to provide evidence-based medical data for the treatment and management of liver transplantation.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the epidemiological data of patients who underwent liver transplantation at Beijing You′an Hospital from2015 to 2023.The Man-Kendall trend test was used to analyze the annual changes in age,gender,length of hospital stay,indications for liver transplantation,and causes of liver disease.Results Among 1,118 liver transplant patients,876 were male(78.4%).The average age was 52.1 years,with the majority of patients aged between 41 and 60 years.678 patients(60.6%)came from outside Beijing.The average length of hospital stay was 26.5 days,which showed a significant yearly decrease(Z =-3.232,P =0.001).The main indications for liver transplantation were liver malignancies(46.5%)and decompensated cirrhosis(24.3%),followed by acute-on-chronic liver failure(15.2%)and chronic liver failure(6.2%).Acute/subacute liver failure accounted for 6.5%,showing a significant increasing trend over the years(Z=2.398,P=0.017).Hepatitis B remained the leading cause of chronic liver disease(55.5%),followed by alcoholic liver disease(17.7%),cryptogenic liver disease(8.1%),autoimmune liver disease(6.0%),and hepatitis B +alcoholic liver disease(5.8%).Longitudinal analysis revealed a decreasing trend in the proportion of hepatitis B(Z=-2.189,P=0.029),while the proportion of alcoholic liver disease showed a significant increasing trend(Z=2.819,P=0.005).Conclusion Males and individuals aged 41～60 years represent the main population for liver transplantation patients,with liver malignancies and decompensated cirrhosis as the primary indications.Although hepatitis B remains the major cause of chronic liver disease,its proportion has decreased annually,while alcoholic liver disease has shown a significant increase.更多还原