【摘要】 近年来，H5亚型高致病性禽流感疫情在全球频繁暴发。为探讨疣鼻天鹅作为高频分离宿主在全球H5亚型禽流感疫情中的角色，本试验基于全球共享流感数据倡议组织（GISAID）数据库中的禽流感病毒（AIV）毒株信息，从不同亚型AIV毒株的时空分布层面，结合血凝素（HA）和神经氨酸酶（NA）基因的系统发育学特征，系统分析了所收集的1970年1月1日—2023年12月31日全球疣鼻天鹅源H5亚型AIV毒株的遗传演化规律。结果发现，疣鼻天鹅源AIV毒株中，H5亚型占比最多，为95.15%(471/495)；欧洲，尤其是捷克和英国，是疣鼻天鹅源AIV毒株分布和遗传多样性的主要区域，而日本则是亚洲H5N6亚型AIV暴发的代表地区；疣鼻天鹅源AIV毒株呈现明显的阶段性动态变化，2.3. 4.4b分支的H5N8亚型AIV毒株在2016—2017年和2020—2021年占主导，而2.2分支和2.3. 4.4b分支的H5N1亚型AIV毒株在2005—2007年和2022—2023年占主导。结果表明，疣鼻天鹅源H5亚型AIV的流行趋势和全球H5亚型AIV疫情高度同步，提示疣鼻天鹅可作为H5亚型AIV疫情的潜在指示宿主，对全球AIV监测和防控具有重要的生态预警价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, outbreaks of H5 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza have occurred frequently worldwide. To explore the ecological role of mute swans(Cygnus olor), a frequent host species, in global H5 subtype avian influenza epidemics, this study analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution and phylogenetic characteristics of hemagglutinin(HA) and neuraminidase(NA) genes of different subtype avian influenza virus(AIV) strains, systematically analyzed the genetic evolution patterns of H5 subtype AIV strains isolated from mute swans worldwide between January 1, 1970, and December 31, 2023, based on data from the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data(GISAID). The results showed that among mute swan-derived AIV strains, the H5 subtype accounted for the largest proportion(95. 15%, 471/495). Europe—particularly the Czech Republic and the United Kingdom—represented the main regions for distribution and genetic diversity of mute swan-derived AIVs, while Japan was a representative area for H5N6 subtype AIV outbreaks in Asia. The dynamic pattern of mute swan-derived AIVs exhibited clear stage-specific shifts: H5N8 subtype AIVs of clade 2. 3. 4. 4b predominated during 2016—2017 and 2020—2021, whereas H5N1 subtype AIVs of clades 2. 2 and 2. 3. 4. 4b were dominant during 2005—2007 and 2022—2023. These findings indicate that the prevalence of H5 subtype AIVs in mute swans is highly synchronized with global H5 subtype AIV outbreaks, suggesting that mute swans may serve as potential indicator hosts for epidemic surveillance, with important ecological implications for global AIV monitoring and control.更多还原