【摘要】 旨在研究不同饲养模式对哺乳期荷斯坦公犊牛生长性能、血液生化指标及肠道菌群的影响。选取体质量为(40.00±1.01) kg、日龄相近的24头新生荷斯坦公犊牛，随机分为4组，每组6头，分别为低奶量组(LM组)、高奶量组(HM组)、高奶量代乳粉饲喂组(HMR组)、低奶量转饲高奶量代乳粉组(CMR组)。结果表明，在第45天，HM组犊牛体质量显著高于其他组犊牛(P<0.05);在第60天，HM组犊牛体质量显著高于LM与CMR组(P<0.05);在第90天，LM组犊牛体质量显著高于HM组。在整个试验期间，LM组犊牛平均日增体质量和平均颗粒料采食量均显著高于HM组犊牛(P<0.05);HMR组犊牛球蛋白水平显著高于LM和HM组(P<0.05);HM组犊牛血浆免疫球蛋白A(IgA)水平显著低于LM和HMR组(P<0.05);HM组犊牛血浆免疫球蛋白M(IgM)水平显著高于LM和CMR组(P<0.05),HMR组同样显著高于LM组(P<0.05);HMR组犊牛血浆谷胱甘肽过氧化氢酶(GSH-Px)水平显著高于LM组(P<0.05);LM组犊牛血浆丙二醛(MDA)水平显著高于HMR和HM组犊牛(P<0.05),CMR组同样显著高于HM组(P<0.05)。HM组热脱硫杆菌门相对丰度较高(P<0.05),LM组拟杆菌门相对丰度显著高于HMR和HM组(P<0.05),HM组的经黏液真杆菌属相对丰度较高(P<0.05),CMR组棒状杆菌属相对丰度显著高于LM和HM组(P<0.05)。综上所述，LM组犊牛具有更好的断奶体质量及颗粒料采食量；CMR组犊牛通过补饲代乳粉可以补偿生长得到更理想的断奶体质量及颗粒料采食量；HMR组证明无牛奶饲喂可以保障犊牛的稳定成长；HM组犊牛哺乳前期的生长性能较好，氧化应激水平更低且具有更健康的粪便菌群。更多还原

【Abstract】 The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of different feeding modes on growth performance,blood biochemical indexes and intestinal flora of lactating Holstein male calves.Twenty-four newborn Holstein male calves with body mass of(40.00±1.01) kg and similar day old were selected and randomly divided into four groups of six calves each.The subgroups were low-milk group(LM),high-milk group(HM),high-milk milk replacer feeding group(HMR),and low-milk switching to high-milk milk replacer feeding group(CMR).The results showed that:At45 d,the body mass of calves in the HM group was significantly higher than that of calves in the other groups(P<0.05),and at 60 d,the body mass of calves in the HM group was significantly higher than that of calves in the LM & CMR groups(P<0.05).At 90 d,the body mass of calves in the LM group was significantly higher than that of calves in the HM group.Throughout the experimental period,the average daily weight gain and average pellet feed intake of calves in the LM group were significantly higher than that of calves in the HM group(P<0.05).The calf globulin level in the HMR group was significantly higher than that in the LM and HM groups(P<0.05);the plasma immunoglobulin A level of calves in the HM group was significantly lower than that of calves in the LM and HMR groups(P<0.05);and the plasma immunoglobulin M level of calves in the HM group was significantly higher than that of calves in the LM and CMR groups(P<0.05),and HMR group was also significantly higher than that of LM group(P<0.05);plasma glutathione peroxidase level of calves in HMR group was significantly higher than that of LM group(P<0.05);plasma malondialdehyde level of calves in LM group was significantly higher than that of calves in HMR and HM groups(P<0.05),and CMR group was also significantly higher than that of HM group(P<0.05).Relative abundance of Thermodesulfovibrio was higher in the HM group(P<0.05),relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in the LM group was significantly higher than that in the HMR and HM groups(P<0.05),relative abundance of Blautia in the HM group(P<0.05),and relative abundance of Corynebacterium in the CMR group was significantly higher than that in the LM and HM groups(P <0.05).In summary,calves in the LM group had better weaning weights and pellet feed intake;calves in the CMR group could compensate for growth by supplemental feeding of milk replacer to obtain more optimal weaning weights and pellet feed intake;the HMR group proved that milk-free feeding could ensure stable growth of calves;and calves in the HM group had a better pre-lactation growth performance,lower levels of oxidative stress,and a healthier fecal flora.更多还原