【摘要】 黑木耳市场存在部分不良商家采用增重手段提高产品重量，并以低价销售，不仅损害消费者权益，还扰乱市场正常秩序。为便于消费者快速辨别增重黑木耳产品，本文通过对6份网购增重低价黑木耳样品和3份正常采收晒干的黑木耳样品（对照）进行色泽、气味等外观特征观察，耳片厚度、水分含量、干湿比、质构特性测定，以及成分含量检测，总结“增重”黑木耳的典型特征有：耳片颜色灰暗无光泽、表面有异物、重量偏重，耳片断面有明显晶莹光泽，鼻嗅有异味；泡发后的水浑浊、黏稠，滴加碘液后颜色变蓝；干湿比（泡发率）显著偏低，食用口感黏软、不爽脆；淀粉含量异常偏高等。推测增重手段为利用淀粉类物质溶液进行泡发后做晾干处理，增重达2～3倍甚至更高。更多还原

【Abstract】 Currently, some unscrupulous vendors artificially increase the weight of Auricularia heimuer and sell it at low prices. This practice not only harms consumer rights but also disrupts market order. To provide consumers with a rapid way to detect such adulteration, this study compared six adulterated samples purchased online with three normally sun-dried control samples. Characteristics including colour, gloss, odour, slice thickness, moisture, rehydration ratio, texture profile, and chemical composition were evaluated. The study identified typical characteristics of weighted samples: dull and dark coloration lacking gloss, presence of foreign substances on the surface, abnormally heavy weight, visibly crystalline luster on the cross-section, and unusual odor upon sniffing. After rehydration, the water became turbid and viscous. The blue color formed upon iodine addition indicated the presence of starch. The dry-wet ratio(rehydration rate) was significantly lower, and the texture became sticky and soft rather than crisp. The starch content was abnormally high. These findings are consistent with the practice of soaking the fungus in a starch-based solution followed by drying, which increased the product weight by 200%–300% compared to the conventional process.更多还原