【摘要】 原生于法国的原产地名称制度是产品质量监管的公法，其与德国竞争法工业产权学说理念的结合使欧盟地理标志保护呈现知识产权样貌。《TRIPS协定》强化了地理标志的知识产权形象，体现了美国标记私权保护理念，但其对酒类地理标志的客观绝对保护实质是产品质量监控之效力的表达。产品监控之公法与标记保护之私权规则的交织造成了欧盟制度与《TRIPS协定》的法理扭曲和结构性矛盾。美国在商标私权保护之外，也有对葡萄酒原产地名称的行政确认和使用审批监管制度，属于公法范畴。我国地理标志专门立法应采公法属性定位，做好与《产品质量法》《标准化法》和《农产品质量安全法》的衔接，以落实执法和处罚。地理标志商标保护应回归于以显著性为基础的私权法理，去除与之相冲突的质量控制、产地描述之要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 The appellation of origin regime, originating in France, is a public law framework for product quality supervision. Its integration with the industrial property doctrine under the German competition law has made EU geographical indication(GI) protection an appearance of intellectual property right. While the TRIPS Agreement reinforces the intellectual property image of GIs, reflecting the U.S. concept of private right protection for marks, its absolute protection for wine GIs essentially expresses the effect of product quality supervision. The entanglement of public law for product supervision and private right protection for indications has caused juridical distortions and inherent structural contradiction in both the EU regulations and the TRIPS Agreement. Notably,in addition to private right protection for GIs as trademarks, the U.S. also has an administrative system for the recognition and usage approval supervision of wine appellations of origin, which belongs to public law. China’s sui generis legislation on GIs should adopt a public law framework,aligning with the Product Quality Law, the Standardization Law, and the Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Law so as to enable the application of their enforcement mechanisms and penalties. Meanwhile, the protection of GI as trademarks should return to the private right doctrine based on distinctiveness, eliminating the requirements of quality control and origin description that are inherently contrary to such distinctiveness.更多还原