【摘要】 十足目甲壳动物笼壶渔业中废弃笼壶(DFP)对目标种类的幽灵捕捞是海洋渔业生态研究的热点,也是幽灵捕捞研究最为全面和深入的领域。从甲壳动物笼壶渔业共性出发,探索DFP幽灵捕捞发生和消亡机制及其对海洋生物的影响,是评价笼壶渔业生态效应、开展生态型笼壶渔具设计的基础。为了深入理解甲壳动物笼壶幽灵捕捞效应,从笼壶废弃具体原因出发,通过分析甲壳动物入笼、死亡机制和DFP退化失效机制,阐明了幽灵捕捞的发生和消亡机制;结合全球主要商业甲壳动物笼壶渔业或渔场中DFP的数量与规模、幽灵捕捞持续时间和幽灵捕捞率等汇总数据,在构建统一幽灵捕捞效应相关量化指标体系后,从入笼、逃逸和死亡等多个层面系统总结和对比了不同渔业中DFP对目标种类的幽灵捕捞效率及对渔业的整体影响。针对海洋环境下真实幽灵捕捞过程的复杂和多样性,讨论了回收观测和模拟观察等研究体系和方法的局限性及其可能对DFP幽灵捕捞效应研究带来的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ghost-fishing effect of derelict fishing pots(DFPs) on target species in decapod crustacean pot/trap fisheries has emerged as a key topic in global marine fisheries ecology and represents one of the most comprehensively studied areas of ghost-fishing research. Given the common features of crustacean pot fisheries, investigating the mechanisms driving the onset and cessation of ghost fishing by DFPs, and their ecological impacts on marine organisms, is fundamental for assessing the ecological effects of pot fisheries and advancing the design of environmentally sustainable pots. To gain a comprehensive understanding of ghost-fishing effects associated with DFPs targeting crustaceans, this review examined the causes of pot abandonment and the mechanisms of ghost-fishing by analyzing crustacean entry patterns, in-pot mortality, and DFP degradation and collapse. Drawing upon compiled data from major global commercial crustacean pot fisheries, including DFP quantity and distribution, ghost-fishing duration, and ghost-fishing rates, a unified framework of quantitative indicators was proposed. Within this framework, we systematically summarized and compared the ghost-fishing efficiency of DFPs on target species across various fisheries, focusing on specific factors, including entry, escape, and mortality rates, and subsequently evaluated the overall impacts on target species and fishery sustainability. Furthermore, given the complexity and variability of in situ ghost-fishing processes in actual marine environments, we highlighted the limitations of current research methodologies, such as retrieval-and simulation-based observations, and their potential biases in ghost-fishing impact assessments.更多还原