【摘要】 金乌贼作为山东近海重要的渔业资源,其渔场分布及其与影响因子的关系备受关注。本研究根据2018—2023年山东近海渔业生产监测数据,构建基于Tweedie分布的广义加性模型(generalized additive model,GAM),分析了山东近海金乌贼(Sepia esculenta)渔场分布特征及其与捕捞压力和环境因子的关系。结果显示,山东近海金乌贼渔场主要分布在黄海中部的海州湾渔场和青海渔场,渔场重心年间变化呈现由南向北移动的趋势,月间变化呈由西北向东南移动的趋势。通过模型比较,包含捕捞压力、环境因子及时间因子的Tweedie-GAM具有最佳拟合效果和预测性能。秋季适宜金乌贼分布的海水底层盐度、底层水温和水深条件分别为31～34、16～22℃和28 m,当年的捕捞压力对金乌贼的单位捕捞努力量渔获量(catch per unit effort, CPUE)具有正效应,而前一年的捕捞压力则具有负效应。本研究初步揭示了山东近海金乌贼渔场分布特征及其与捕捞压力和环境因子的关系,可为合理规划商业性捕捞生产、加强金乌贼的科学管理和资源养护等提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 As an important fishery resource in the offshore waters of Shandong Province, the fishing ground distribution of Sepia esculenta and its relationships with influencing factors have attracted much attention. This study constructed a generalized additive model(GAM) based on Tweedie distribution to analyze the distribution characteristics of Sepia esculenta fishing grounds in the offshore waters of Shandong Province and their relationships with fishing pressure and environmental factors, using monitoring data of fishery production from 2018 to 2023. The results showed that Sepia esculenta fishing grounds are mainly distributed in the Haizhou Bay fishing grounds and Qinghai fishing grounds in the central Yellow Sea. The center of gravity of the fishing grounds for Sepia esculenta tended to shift northwards annually, and showed a trend moving from northwest to southeast monthly. Through model comparison, the Tweedie GAM model, which includes fishing, environmental, and time factors, had the best fitting effect and predictive performance. Sea bottom salinity, sea bottom temperature, and depth that are suitable for the distribution of Sepia esculenta in autumn are 31-34, 16-22 ℃, and approximate 28 m, respectively. The fishing effort of the current year had a positive effect on the catch per unit effort(CPUE) of Sepia esculenta, while the fishing effort of the previous year had a negative effect. This study revealed the impact of external driving factors on the distribution of Sepia esculenta resources, which is of great significance for the rational planning of commercial fishing production, strengthening the scientific management and resource conservation of Sepia esculenta.更多还原