【摘要】 区域土地利用/覆被变化重建研究,不仅可为气候变化与生态效应模拟提供科学数据,也可为全球数据集充实和完善提供区域参考。通过对日本平安时代以来历史庄田、检地、土地调查数据及相关史料的详细考察和分析,构建了分类、分时段的耕地数量重建方法,重建了过去千年日本全国及8个典型时点地方尺度耕地面积。得到如下结论:(1)庄园制时期(800—1583年)日本人均耕地面积约为0.31 hm~2,农业人口占总人口的比例约为80%;石高分封制时期(1583—1872年),水田和旱田面积分别约占耕地总量的60%和40%,且每0.1 hm~2的标准稻米产量分别为1石2斗和8斗。(2)过去千年日本耕地总量变化经历了缓慢增加(800—1338年)、逐渐减少(1338—1598年)、快速增长(1598—1940年)、急剧下降(1940—2000年)四个阶段。(3)研究时段内日本耕地主要分布在中部地区的近畿、关东和中部等地方,并呈由中部地区向南部和东北逐渐扩张的态势。(4) HYDE 3.2和PJ数据集中1200—1880年的耕地总量与本文结果的相对差异率分别为-37%～-70%和-69%～-90%,且呈现年代越早、偏差越大的特点。更多还原

【Abstract】 Reconstruction of regional land use/land cover changes not only provides scientific data for climate change and ecological effect simulations but also enriches and improves global datasets with regional references. By examining and analyzing historical records on manor cropland from 800 to 1583, cropland measurements from 1583 to 1872, cropland surveys from 1872 to 2000, and population estimations and surveys from 800 to 2000 in Japan, this study reconstructs the national and regional cropland area in Japan over the past millennium and at eight representative time points, respectively. Then the temporal and spatial variations of cropland in Japan were analyzed. The results are shown as follows:(1) During the manor system period(800-1583), per capita cropland area of Japan was approximately 0.31 hm~2, with agricultural population constituting about 80% of the total population. In the period of the Kokudakabased feudal system(1583-1872), paddy and dry fields accounted for approximately 60% and 40% of the total cropland areas, respectively. And the standard yield of rice per 0.1 hm~2 was 1.2 koku for paddy fields and 0.8 koku for dry fields, respectively. The unit "koku" is a traditional Japanese measure of rice, with 1 koku equivalent to approximately 30 kg of rice.(2) Over the past millennium, the total cropland area of the whole study area experienced four phases: slow increase(800-1338), gradual decrease(1338-1598), rapid growth(1598-1940), and sharp decline(1940-2000). At the regional scale, the overall trend in cropland area of the study area was similar, though there were significant regional differences. Spatial distribution patterns show that, over the past millennium, cropland in Japan was primarily concentrated in the Kinki, Kanto, and Chubu regions, with a trend of gradual expansion from the central region to the south and northeast.(3) The relative discrepancy rates of the total cropland area from the HYDE 3.2 and PJ datasets for 1200-1880 compared to the reconstruction results of this study are-37% to-70% and-69% to-90%, respectively. The study shows that per capita cropland area of Japan declined from 0.31 hm~2 to 0.12 hm~2 during the study period, while the HYDE 3.2 and PJ datasets report per capita cropland areas of approximately 0.06 hm~2 and 0.03 hm~2, respectively.更多还原