【摘要】 通过引入基尼系数中度量不平等性的概念和专用性人力资本可转移性的特点,本研究使用了一种基于基尼系数的方法度量我国本科院校部分专业的专用性差异,使用2009-2019年全国毕业生就业调查数据,研究发现,专业专用性低的专业如国际经济与贸易、工商管理等,在不同行业中的毕业起薪较为平均,而专业专用性高的专业如电子信息工程、生物技术等,在特定行业中的就业回报显著高于其他行业。此外,专业专用性与毕业生就业对口程度、预期薪资水平和岗位类型选择之间存在显著关联。这些发现揭示了专业专用性在劳动力市场中的重要作用,对高中生选择大学专业、高校专业培养设置布局及劳动力市场中的用人单位提供了借鉴参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 By introducing the concept of inequality measurement from the Gini coefficient and the characteristics of transferable specific human capital, this study develops a Gini coefficient-based method to measure the specificity of selected undergraduate majors in Chinese universities. Using data from the Chinese College Graduate Employment Survey(CCGES) from 2009 to 2019, the research finds that graduates from majors with low specificity, such as International Economics and Trade or Business Administration, tend to have relatively equal starting salaries across different industries. Conversely, graduates from majors with high specificity, such as Electronic Information Engineering and Biotechnology, experience significantly higher returns to employment in particular industries compared to others. Furthermore, a significant correlation is found between major specificity and the degree of job-major match, expected salary levels, and the types of positions chosen by graduates. These findings reveal the important role of major specificity in the labor market, offering valuable insights for high school students selecting university majors, for universities in designing their academic programs, and for employers in the labor market.更多还原