【摘要】 目的 分析2020-2023年云南省输入性疟疾流行病学特征，为制定减少输入和防止输入再传播措施提供科学依据。方法 对中国疾病预防控制信息系统报告疟疾病例虫种、感染来源、三间分布和输入途径等特征进行分析。结果 全省共报告疟疾病例828例，间日疟和恶性疟分别占89.98%和8.33%;总病例中47.58%来自缅甸，恶性疟全来自非洲。全省13(81.25%)个州市报告疟疾病例，其中德宏州、保山市、昆明市和临沧市报告数占全省94.32%;52.54%病例为男性青壮年；经跨境人员流动，陆路输入和航空器输入比例分别为88.89%和11.11%。98.19%病例在发病后7d内就诊，82.85%病例初诊为疟疾，84.90%病例由县级及以下卫生机构诊断。结论 输入性疟疾是云南防止疟疾再传播关键问题之一，为巩固消除疟疾成果，应提高医疗机构人员对疟疾警觉性，提升诊治能力；加强出入境人员健康教育，增强其个人防护能力和促进就医及时性。更多还原

【Abstract】 This study analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria in Yunnan Province from 2020 to 2023, to provide scientific evidence for formulating measures to decrease imported malaria and prevent re-establishment of malaria transmission. Malaria data reported by the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System were analyzed to determine parasite species; sources of infection; temporal, spatial, and population distributions; and importation routes. A total of 828 malaria cases were reported in the province. Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum accounted for 89.98% and 8.33% of cases, respectively. A total of 47.58% of cases were imported from Myanmar, and all P. falciparum malaria cases were from Africa. Thirteen(81.25%) prefectures or municipalities reported malaria, among which Dehong, Baoshan, Kunming, and Lincang reported 94.32% of cases. A total of 52.54% of cases were in young men. The proportion of cross-border personnel flow, land input, and aircraft input were 88.89% and 11.11% respectively. A total of 98.19% of patients sought medical care within 7 days after fever onset, and 82.85% initiated diagnosis for malaria, and 84.90% of diagnoses were confirmed by health facilities at or below the county level. Imported malaria is a major challenge in preventing re-establishment of transmission in Yunnan. Most imported cases involved cross-border malaria transmission of mainly Plasmodium vivax between China and Myanmar. To achieve malaria elimination, vigilance of health staff in malaria diagnosis and treatment should be promoted, and intensive malaria health education should be provided to people traveling to malaria endemic territories, to enable individual protection, and timely diagnosis and treatment after return from endemic countries.更多还原