【摘要】 【目的】有机无机肥配施能够提高作物产量和培肥土壤，但有机无机肥配施中有机养分释放率及其影响因素尚不明确。因此，明确有机养分释放率能够为提高养分利用效率、科学管理有机养分提供依据。【方法】研究依托2013年在潮土上建立的有机无机肥配施长期定位试验，采用随机区组设计，选取其中5个处理，分别为化肥不减量(F_-0%,N-P₂O₅-K₂O=210-120-60)、化肥不减量配施有机肥(MF_-0%)以及化肥减量20%、30%、40%并配施有机肥(MF_-20%、MF_-30%、MF_-40%)。在小麦成熟期，对各处理的产量、土壤养分和微生物特性等指标进行测定，并分析有机肥氮、磷释放率及其影响因素。【结果】在有机无机肥配施的4个处理中，MF_-30%处理的2023、2024年及两年平均产量分别为8.6、8.6、8.6 t·hm^-2，较F_-0%（化肥不减量）处理分别增加0.3、0.1、0.1 t·hm^-2。同时，MF_-30%处理显著（P<0.05）提高了土壤有机碳、易氧化有机碳、矿质氮、有效磷、微生物量碳、微生物量磷的含量。有机肥氮、磷释放率随化肥施用量的增加而降低，有机肥氮素释放范围为11.1%—60.7%，平均为37.7%，有机肥磷素释放范围为8.3%—54.4%，平均为30.4%。偏最小二乘模型分析结果表明，外源肥料投入（C、N）、土壤养分（易氧化有机碳和矿质态氮）对有机肥氮释放率有直接且极显著（P<0.01）的正效应，效应值分别为3.054、1.230；外源肥料投入计量比（C/N、C/P）对有机肥氮养分释放率有直接且极显著（P<0.01）的负效应，效应值为-1.377；外源肥料投入（N、P）和外源肥料投入计量比（N/P、C/P）对有机肥磷释放率有直接且显著（P<0.05）的负效应，效应值分别为-1.758、-0.640。【结论】潮土中有机肥氮、磷平均释放率分别为37.7%、30.4%，氮、磷释放率随化肥投入量增加而降低，外源肥料投入及其计量比对有机肥氮、磷释放率有直接且显著的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】 The combination of manure and chemical fertilizers can enhance crop yield and soil fertility, yet the release rates of nitrogen and phosphorus in manure fertilizer under chemical fertilization and their influencing factors remain unclear. Therefore, it was of great significance to clarify the manure nutrient release rate to improve nutrient use efficiency and scientifically manage manure nutrients. 【Method】 This study utilized a long-term field experiment（established in 2013） on sandy loam fluvo-aquic soil, adopting a randomized block design with five treatments: no reduction in fertilizer(F_-0%, N-P₂O₅-K₂O=210-120-60), no reduction in chemical fertilizer with manure fertilizer(MF_-0%), and 20%, 30%, and 40% reduction in chemical fertilizer with manure fertilizer(MF_-20%, MF_-30%, and MF_-40%). At wheat maturity, yield and soil nutrient indicators were measured, and organic manure nitrogen（N） and phosphorus（P） release rate and their influencing factors were analyzed. 【Result】Among four combined application of manure fertilizer and chemical fertilizer treatments, MF_-30% achieved optimal wheat yield improvement and fertilizer reduction. Under the MF_-30% treatment, the yields in 2023, 2024, and the average of the two years were 8.6, 8.6, and 8.6 t·hm^-2, respectively, representing increases of 0.3, 0.1, and 0.1 t·hm^-2 compared with the F_-0%（no reduction in chemical fertilizer） treatment. Simultaneously, MF_-30% significantly increased soil organic carbon, easily oxidized organic carbon, mineral nitrogen, available phosphorus, microbial biomass carbon, and microbial biomass phosphorus（P<0.05）. The release rate of nitrogen and phosphorus in manure fertilizers decreased with increasing chemical fertilizers inputs. The nitrogen release ranged from 11.1% to 60.7%（mean 37.7%）, while phosphorus release ranged from 8.3% to 54.4%（mean 30.4%）. PLS-PM model analysis showed that exogenous fertilizer input（C, N） and soil nutrients（easily oxidized organic carbon, mineral nitrogen） had direct and highly significant positive effects on nitrogen release（P<0.01）, with effect values of 3.054 and 1.230, respectively. Exogenous fertilizer stoichiometric ratios（C/N, C/P） exerted direct and highly significant negative effects on nitrogen release（P<0.01）, with an effect value of-1.377. Exogenous fertilizer input（N, P） and stoichiometric ratio（N/P, C/P） showed direct and significant negative effects on phosphorus release（P<0.05）, with effect values of-1.758 and-0.640, respectively. 【Conclusion】In fluvo-aquic soil, the average release rate of nitrogen and phosphorus in manure fertilizer were 37.7% and 30.4%, respectively. Both N and P release rates declined with increasing chemical fertilizer inputs, and exogenous fertilizer inputs and their stoichiometric ratios directly and significantly affected manure nutrient release rates.更多还原