【摘要】 为筛选适宜石斛兰杂交育种的亲本，明确种间杂交亲和性及亲本角色偏向性，以福州市农业科学研究所保存的20个石斛兰种质资源为材料，设计93个种杂交组合，通过标准化人工授粉技术完成335次授粉试验。统计杂交组合对数、结实组合对数、总授粉花朵数及总结实果实数，计算组合结实率与授粉结实率，结合双指标综合评价各品种杂交结实性及亲本角色偏向性。结果显示：（1）杂交结实性存在显著种源差异。93个组合中41对杂交组合成功结实，产生97个杂交果实，其中‘卡门’石斛、‘仙女’石斛作母本时表现最优（组合结实率54.55%～50.00%，授粉结实率53.57%～55.56%），‘红星’石斛、‘小蓝莓’石斛、‘紫花秋’石斛作父本时优势显著（组合结实率66.67%～75.00%，授粉结实率52.00%～54.55%）。（2）亲本角色偏向性明显。7个品种表现出单一亲本偏向性，‘红火鸟’石斛、‘卡门’石斛、‘甜蜜’石斛仅适宜作母本（作父本时授粉结实率≤26.92%），‘红星’石斛、‘泼墨粉梦幻’石斛、‘小蓝莓’石斛、‘紫花秋’石斛仅适宜作父本（作母本时授粉结实率≤7.14%）;25对正反交组合中，11对可双向结实，8对仅能单向结实，6对正反交均不结实。（3）核心评价指标明确。组合结实率与授粉结实率可协同表征杂交结实性，两者结合能更精准筛选适配亲本。研究证实观赏石斛兰种间杂交亲和性差异显著，筛选出的优良亲本及揭示的亲本偏向性，为石斛兰杂交育种的亲本选配提供科学依据，可有效提升育种效率。更多还原

【Abstract】 To screen suitable parents for Dendrobium hybrid breeding and clarify the interspecific crosscompatibility as well as parental role bias, 20 Dendrobium germplasm resources preserved by the Fuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences were used as materials, and 93 interspecific cross combinations were designed. A total of 335 pollination experiments were completed using standardized artificial pollination technology. The number of cross combinations, number of fruit-setting combinations, total number of pollinated flowers, and total number of fruit-setting fruits were counted; the combination fruit-setting rate and pollination fruit-setting rate were calculated. The hybrid fruit-setting ability and parental role bias of each variety were comprehensively evaluated based on the above two indicators. The results showed that:(1) there were significant differences in hybrid fruit-setting ability among different germplasms. Among the 93 combinations, 41 cross combinations achieved successful fruit-setting, producing 97 hybrid fruits. Specifically,Dendrobium Oriental Magic‘Carmen’and Dendrobium‘CT Fairy Kiss’ performed optimally when they were used as female parents(combination fruit-setting rate: 50.00%–54.55%, pollination fruit-setting rate: 53.57%– 55.56%), and Dendrobium‘Red Star’, Dendrobium‘Little Blueberry’, and Dendrobium‘Sunny Red’showed significant advantages when they were used as male parents(combination fruit-setting rate: 66.67%–75.00%, pollination fruit-setting rate: 52.00% – 54.55%).(2) The parental role bias was obvious. Seven varieties exhibited a single parental role bias: Dendrobium‘Rainbow Dance Akane’, Dendrobium Oriental Magic‘Carmen’, and Dendrobium‘Sweet’were only suitable for female parents(pollination fruit-setting rate ≤26.92% when used as male parents); Dendrobium‘Red Star’, Dendrobium‘Splash Ink Pink Fantasy’,Dendrobium‘Little Blueberry’, and Dendrobium‘Sunny Red’were only suitable for male parents(pollination fruit-setting rate ≤7.14% when used as female parents). Among the 25 reciprocal cross combinations, 11 combinations could set fruit bidirectionally, 8 combinations could only set fruit unidirectionally, and 6 combinations failed to set fruit in both reciprocal crosses.(3) The core evaluation indicators were clear. The combination fruit-setting rate and pollination fruit-setting rate could synergistically characterize the hybrid fruit-setting ability, and their combination enabled more accurate screening of suitable parents. This study confirms that there are significant differences in interspecific cross-compatibility among ornamental Dendrobium species. The screened excellent parents and the revealed parental role bias provide a scientific basis for parent selection in Dendrobium hybrid breeding, which can effectively improve breeding efficiency.更多还原