【摘要】 气候变化是全人类面临的共同挑战，其健康效应日渐凸显。文章基于中国健康与养老追踪调查2011～2020年数据，结合高精度高频率的天气数据考察以极端降水为代表的气候风险对中老年人心理健康的影响。研究发现，极端降水对中老年人的心理健康状况有显著的不利影响。在不同人群之间，女性、年龄较轻、受教育程度较低、自评健康较差、居住在农村的中老年人更可能因极端降水而出现心理健康下降。究其原因，极端降水通过减少光照、损害生理健康、使社交活动受阻和降低收入等途径，导致中老年人的心理健康变差。文章进一步估算了极端降水所导致的心理健康问题对应的经济成本，检验了互联网使用、长期适应等方式对缓解极端降水带来的心理健康损耗的作用，研究结论为全面认识和应对气候风险、积极推动健康中国建设提供了依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Climate change poses a challenge for humanity, with its adverse effects on health becoming increasingly evident. Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(2011-2020) and high-frequency weather data at prefectural level, this paper examines the impact of extreme precipitation on the mental health of middle-aged and elderly individuals. We find that extreme precipitation significantly worsens individuals’ mental health, with more pronounced detrimental effects on women, younger individuals, those with poor self-rated health, rural residents, and the less educated. This conclusion remains valid after a series of robustness tests, including using the Nino index in meteorology as an instrumental variable. The reason for this is that extreme precipitation leads to a decline in mental health among middle-aged and elderly individuals by reducing sunlight exposure, damaging physical health, disrupting social activities, and lowering income. The article further estimates the economic costs associated with mental health issues caused by extreme precipitation and examines the role of internet usage and long-term adaptation in mitigating the mental health damage caused by extreme precipitation. The research findings provide a basis for a comprehensive understanding and response to climate risks from the perspective of residents’ mental health.更多还原