【摘要】 材料合成生物学通过改造生物系统制备战略金属、无机复合材料、高性能生物大分子及有机高分子材料，具有环境友好与资源高效优势，有望替代传统石油基制造模式。然而，其发展受限于微生物底盘适配性低、多尺度动态调控灵敏度不足、材料仿生设计策略缺失及规模化生产传质传热效率低等核心科学问题。本文聚焦上述挑战，提出结合人工智能开发代谢网络调控大模型与高通量筛选平台；推动生物—无机杂化系统设计，突破材料性能瓶颈；并倡导政策层面设立专项基金、完善知识产权转化机制。旨在推动“原料—合成—回收”全链条绿色制造体系构建，为资源替代、生物医学及低碳经济提供颠覆性解决方案。更多还原

【Abstract】 Synthetic biology for materials science leverages engineered biological systems to produce strategic metals,inorganic composites, high-performance biomacromolecules, and organic polymer materials. It offers advantages such as environmental friendliness and resource efficiency, holding the potential to replace traditional petroleum-based manufacturing models. However, its development is constrained by several core scientific challenges, including low adaptability of microbial chassis, insufficient sensitivity in multi-scale dynamic regulation, a lack of biomimetic design strategies for materials, and low mass and heat transfer efficiency in large-scale production. This article focuses on these challenges and proposes integrating artificial intelligence to develop large-scale metabolic network regulation models and high-throughput screening platforms. It also advocates for advancing the design of bio-inorganic hybrid systems to break through material performance bottlenecks and calls for policy-level initiatives such as establishing special funds and improving intellectual property conversion mechanisms to accelerate technological industrialization. The aim is to promote the construction of a green manufacturing system encompassing the entire “raw material-synthesis-recycling” chain,providing disruptive solutions for resource substitution, biomedicine, and the low-carbon economy.更多还原