【摘要】 阴极寿命研究源于真空电子器件对长寿命、高可靠性阴极的需求。数十年来，研究者对不同类型、不同工作电流密度以及不同工作温度的阴极进行了系统性研究，提出了各种观点，并建立了相对应的寿命模型。文章综述了热扩散阴极寿命研究的过程、方法与模型，总结了寿命研究过程中的阴极性能的变化规律与相关机理，并探讨了阴极寿命研究的意义与未来研究的方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 The study of cathode lifetime originates from the demand for long-life and high reliability cathodes in vacuum electronic devices. For decades, cathodes with different types, different current densities, and different working temperatures are systematically studied. Various viewpoints are proposed and corresponding lifespan models are established. The process, methods, and models of lifetime study of thermal diffusion cathodes are reviewed, the changes and related mechanism of cathodes during the lifetime tests are summarized, and the significance and future research directions of cathode lifetime study are discussed in this paper.更多还原