【摘要】 小麦穗发芽会严重影响小麦的产量和质量,筛选穗发芽抗性种质和利用功能分子标记,可以从根本上降低或避免小麦穗发芽的危害。以298份早期鉴定为高抗穗发芽的临沧铁壳麦及高感的云麦53为亲本的高代重组自交系为材料,采用整穗发芽和籽粒发芽两种方法鉴定和评价其穗发芽抗性;利用分子标记对主要穗发芽抗性相关基因(TaMKK3-A、TaSdr-2B、Tamyb10-D1、TaMFT-A2、GS34-7B、TaMFT-A1、TaDFR-3B、Tamyb10-B1、TaSdr-2A、Tamyb10-A1)进行检测,并结合其表型分析不同抗性基因的效应。结果表明,298份材料的整穗发芽率(SGR)均值为86.79%,变化范围为0.13%～100.00%;发芽指数均值为56.85%,变化范围为0.43%～100.00%;其中有7份材料的整穗发芽率和32份籽粒发芽率值达到了高抗水平;有7份材料的整穗发芽率和27份籽粒发芽率值达到了抗水平;2份材料的整穗相对发芽指数和14份籽粒相对发芽指数较云麦53达到抗水平;以相对发芽指数为分级标准时,2份材料的整穗相对发芽指数和14份籽粒相对发芽指数较云麦53达到高抗等级,可以作为抗穗发芽种质资源利用。在10个与穗发芽抗性相关的基因中,TaDFR-3Bb分布频率最高,达到68.71%,其余基因依次为TaMFT-A1b(63.85%)、TaMFT-A2b(61.96%)、Tamyb10-B1b(57.50%)、Tamyb10-B1a(43.33%)、TaMFT-A2a(38.65%)、TaMFT-A1a(37.09%)、TaDFR-3Ba(32.52%)、GS34-7B(0)。结合表型分析发现,TaMFTA2、TaMFT-A1、TaDFR-3Ba、Tamyb10-B1与表型不相关;TaMKK3-A、TaSdr-2B、Tamyb10-D1、Tadr-2A、Tamyb10-A1与表型显著相关。GS34-7B无条带说明材料中不含该抗性基因。因此,TaMKK3-A、TaSdr-2B、Tamyb10-D1、TSdr2A、Tamyb10-A1的分子标记可以利用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wheat spike sprouting can seriously affect the quality and grade of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) in production.Screening resistant germplasm and using functional molecular markers can fundamentally reduce or avoid the harm of wheat spike germination.Taking 298 high-generation recombinant inbred lines,namely Lincang Hull Wheat and highly sensitive Yunmai53,which were identified as highly resistant to spike germination in the early stage,as materials,the spike germination resistance was identified and evaluated by two methods:whole spike germination and grain germination.Molecular markers were used to detect the main spike germination resistation-related genes(TaMKK3-A,TaSdr-2B,Tamyb10-D1,TaMFT-A2, GS34-7B,TaMFT-A1,TaDFR-3B,Tamyb10-B1,TaSdr-2A,and Tamyb10-A1).the effects of different resistance genes in combination with their phenotypes were analysed.The results showed that the average whole spike germination rale(SGR)of 298 materials was 86.79%,with a variation range of 0.13% to 100.00%.The average germination index(GI) was 56.85%,with a variation range of 0.43% to 100.00%.Among them,the whole spike germination rate values of 7 materials and the grain germination rate values of 32 materials reached the high resistance level.The whole spike germination rate values of 7 materials and the grain germination rate values of 27 materials reached the resistance level.The relative germination index values of the whole spike of 2 materials and the relative germination index values of 14 grains reached the resistance level compared with Yunmai53.When the relative germination index was used as the classification standard,the relative germination index values of the whole spike of 2 materials and the relative germination index values of 14 grains reached the high resistance grade compared with Yunmai53,and could be utilized as germplasm resources resistant to spike germination.Among the 10 genes related to spike germination resistance,TaDFR-3Bb had the highest distribution frequency,reaching68.71%.The other genes were TaMFT-A1b(63.85%),TaMFT-A2b(61.96%),Tamyb10-B1b(57.50%),and Tamyb10-Bla(43.33%) in sequence,TaMFT-A2a(38.65%),TaMFTAla(37.09%),TaDFR-3Ba(32.52%),GS34-7B(0).Combined with phenotypic analysis,it was found that TaMFT-A2,TaMFT-A1,TaDFR-3Ba,and Tamyb10-B1 were not correlated with the phenotype.TaMKK3-A,TaSdr-2B,Tamyb10-D1,TaSdr-2A,and Tamyb10-A1 were significantly associated with phenotypes.The absence of bands in GS34-7B indicated that the material did not contain this resistance gene.Therefore,molecular markers such as TaMKK3-A,TaSdr-2B,Tamyb10-D1,TaSdr-2A,and Tamyb10-A1 could be utilized.更多还原