【摘要】 籽粒百粒重是大豆产量构成三要素之一，百粒重大小决定大豆产量并影响其商品性，百粒重也是大豆遗传改良关键性状。为进一步挖掘籽粒大小相关基因，解析籽粒大小的调控机制。利用碳离子束(Carbon Ion Beam, CIB)辐射野生大豆(ZYD7068),构建了200份百粒重变异丰富的野生大豆突变群体。结果表明，群体籽粒百粒重在4.37～16.74 g之间，平均值为7.13 g,突变群体百粒重较野生大豆百粒重提高了4.98倍。对200个突变体采用全基因组测序，共获得184.1亿bp的测序数据，基因组覆盖率68.10%～70.96%。突变主要是单碱基突变(SNP),其中C到T突变占突变总数的40%。对候选SNP基因进行富集分析，突变基因主要富集在Go:0009626(植物超敏反应)、Go:0034050(共生体诱导宿主程序性细胞死亡)、Go:0012501(程序性细胞死亡)、Go:0043680(丝状器)以及Go:0045087(先天免疫反应)等途径。利用全基因组测序获得的SNPs标记，采用MLM模型，对突变群体籽粒百粒重进行全基因组关联分析(Genome-Wide Association GWAS),共检测到71个关联SNPs(-lgP>11),分别位于大豆2、3、5、6、9、10、14、16、18号染色体上，其中5、10号染色体和14号染色体以及18号染色体分别检测到9、21、9、23个SNPs, 71个关联SNPs位点涉及33个基因。更多还原

【Abstract】 The 100-grain weight is one of the three elements that constitute the yield of soybeans(Glycine max). The weight per 100-grain determines the yield of soybeans and affects their commercial quality. The 100-grain weight is also a key trait for genetic improvement of soybeans. To further explore the genes related to grain size and analyze the regulatory mechanism of grain size. By radiating wild soybeans(ZYD7068) with a Carbon Ion Beam(CIB), a mutant population of 200 wild soybeans with rich 100-grain weight variations was constructed. The results showed that the 100-grain weight of the population grains ranged from 4.37 g to 16.74 g, with an average of 7.13 g. The 100-grain weight of the mutant population was 4.98 times higher than that of wild soybeans. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on 200 mutants, obtaining a total of 18.41 billion bp of sequencing data, with genomic coverage ranging from 68.10% to 70.96%. Mutations were mainly single-base mutations(SNP), among which C to T mutations account for 40% of the total number of mutations. Enrichment analysis of candidate SNP genes was conducted, and the mutant genes were mainly enriched in pathways such as Go: 0009626(plant hypersensitivity reaction), Go: 0034050(symbiont-induced host programmed cell death), Go: 0012501(programmed cell death), Go: 0043680(filamentous organs), and Go: 0045087(innate immune response). Using SNP markers obtained from whole-genome sequencing and the MLM model, a genome-wide association was conducted on the 100-grain weight of the mutant population. A total of 71 associated SNPs were detected(-lgP>11). They were respectively located on chromosomes 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 14, 16 and 18 of soybeans. Among them, 9, 21, 9 and 23 SNPs were respectively detected on chromosomes 5, 10, 14 and 18. The 71 associated SNPs loci involved 33 genes.更多还原