【摘要】 目的 旨在分析老年人群听力损失的主要影响因素，为更好地开展老年性听力损失的防治工作提供参考依据。方法 回顾性分析2022年5月26日至8月18日通过随机抽样法抽取广州市7个社区55岁及以上人群，共纳入199例(396耳)研究对象，男性74例(37.2%)，平均年龄71岁，女性125例(62.8%)，听力损失影响因素采用问卷形式调查。进行纯音测听与言语识别率测试，按标准将听力损失分为正常、轻度听力损失、中度听力损失、重度听力损失和极重度听力损失。结果 396耳中，听力正常43耳(10.9%)，听力轻度损失157耳(39.6%)，听力中度损失135耳(34.1%)，听力重度损失44耳(11.1%)，听力极重度损失17耳(4.3%)。陡降型听力曲线在不同程度听力损失中占比最高。陡降型和缓降型两种听力图分型与性别显著相关(P<0.05)，且陡降型听力曲线对比缓降型听力曲线对应更轻度的拓展高频听力损失(P<0.05)。单因素分析结果显示，老年性听力损失与年龄、吸烟、肾脏疾病、家族遗传性耳聋和是否服用耳毒性药物显著相关(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析结果显示，年龄和家族遗传性耳聋是老年性听力损失的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 广州社区老年人群的听力损失普遍存在，主要受年龄和家族遗传性耳聋影响，同时与吸烟、肾脏疾病及服用耳毒性药物显著相关。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To report hearing health status among elderly residents in communities in Guangzhou, as well as epidemiological characteristics of presbycusis. and to assess factors influencing presbycusis in the elderly population using questionnaire data for the purpose of improving its prevention and treatment. Methods A sample of residents aged 55 and above from communities in Guangzhou(n=199) was selected. Pure-tone audiometry and speech recognition tests were conducted. Factors influencing hearing loss were investigated using questionnaires. Results Among the 396 ears tested, 43(10.9%) showed normal hearing, the rest showed mild(n=157, 39.6%), moderate(n=135, 34.1%), severe(n=44, 11.1%) or profound(n=17, 4.3%) hearing loss. Steep sloping was the most prevalent audiogram type regardless of the degree of hearing loss., The sloping pattern(steep or gradual) was associated with gender(P<0.05), and steep sloping audiograms corresponded to milder extended high-frequency loss as compared to gradual sloping audiograms(P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed correlations between presbycusis and age, smoking, renal diseases, familial hereditary deafness and use of ototoxic drugs(P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that age and familial hereditary deafness were independent risk factors for presbycusis(P<0.05). Conclusion Hearing loss is prevalent among elderly residents in Guangzhou, primarily influenced by age and familial hereditary deafness. Significant correlations were also found with smoking, renal diseases and use of ototoxic drugs.更多还原