【摘要】 文章利用MRT和ENVI软件对收集到的降水量、遥感卫星数据进行处理，编制完成“一带一路”岩溶区卫星影像图、地势图、降雨量图、蒸发量图、地表温度图等图件；通过整合遥感影像图、地质图、文献等资料数据，并结合野外实地验证，开展了高原、大斜坡、平原、滨海岩溶特征与地质、气候背景的对比分析，结果表明：（1）“一带一路”岩溶区分布面积约1 230万km~2，占全球岩溶分布面积的一半以上，中国、俄罗斯和哈萨克斯坦岩溶面积位居前三；（2）高程在0～1 000 m分布的岩溶面积占总岩溶面积的74%, 3500 m以上分布的占比只有8%；地表温度在9℃以上的岩溶区面积占65.3%，而9℃以下的只占34.7%；年降雨量在0～210 mm分布的岩溶面积约占总面积的31%,210～540 mm的占32%,540～840 mm的占18%，超过840 mm的占19%；蒸发量在205 mm以下分布的岩溶面积占总面积的51.4%;(2)埃塞俄比亚、克罗地亚、土耳其、伊朗、泰国以及中国南方岩溶发育的条件、岩溶地貌的控制因素是：可溶岩的岩性和构造是驱动岩溶发育的内动力，气候是驱使岩溶发育的外动力，内外动力因素共同影响岩溶地貌发育；中国南方岩溶在不同的历史时期形成了不同的垂直水文剖面和溶蚀-侵蚀基准面，为适应基准面的变化，形成高程不同的岩溶地貌发育区，且高程的巨大差异也会引起气候、水文、构造条件的差异。更多还原

【Abstract】 The region along the Belt and Road is a critical global hub for energy production and supply,containing55% of the world’s oil reserves and 76% of its natural gas reserves.Carbonate rock oil and gas reservoirs hold an extremely important position in global hydrocarbon resources.Statistics show that carbonate reservoirs account for approximately 70% of the world’s total oil and gas resources,50% of proven recoverable reserves,and 60% of global production.By the end of 2013,there were 53 UNESCO World Heritage Sites featuring karst landscapes worldwide,including 42 designated as World Natural Heritage Sites.The stunning karst landscapes and unique cave formations have become major tourist attractions,while the abundant karst water resources and carbonate rock oil and gas reserves support human survival and development.The karst regions along the Belt and Road encompass over 50% of the global karst areas,which coincide with intensive human activities.In the context of global change,these regions face prominent environmental challenges,including karst drought,rocky desertification,water pollution,and severe geological hazards such as collapses and depression waterlogging,posing substantial threats to regional ecoenvironmental security.Supported by a project of the China Geological Survey,this study employed MODIS Reprojection Tool(MRT)and the Environment for Visualizing Images(ENVI) software to conduct remote sensing interpretation of collected datasets,including annual precipitation,mean temperature,evaporation,elevation data,and satellite imagery.A specialized map of the karst geological environment along the Belt and Road was compiled,which laid a foundation for further classification of key types of karst belt along the route and serving the International Karst Science Program.By integrating remote sensing images,geological maps,literature,and other data,and combining with field verification,this study has compared the karst characteristics of plateaus,large slopes,plains,and coastal areas within their geological and climatic contexts.The main conclusions are as follows.(1) Karst distribution areas along the Belt and Road span about 12.3 million km~2,representing over half of the global karst coverage.Among the countries along the Belt and Road,China,Russia,and Kazakhstan have the largest karst areas,ranking as the top three in terms of karst coverage.(2) The characteristics of karst distribution under different elevations,temperatures,rainfall levels,and evaporation rates along the Belt and Road are quantitatively analyzed.Karst areas located between 0 m and 1,000 m in elevation account for 74% of the total karst area,whereas those above 3,500 m represent only 8%.Karst areas with surface temperatures above 9 ℃ comprise 65.3%,while those below 9 ℃ account for 34.7%.Regarding annual rainfall,karst areas receiving 0 mm to 210 mm constitute 31% of the total area,those receiving 210 mm to 540 mm account for 32%,540 mm to 840 mm cover 18%,and areas with annual rainfall exceeding 840 mm represent 19%.Additionally,karst areas with evaporation rates below 205 mm account for 51.4% of the total.(3) A comparative analysis of karst development conditions and controlling factors in Ethiopia,Croatia,Turkey,Iran,Thailand,and South China reveals that the lithology and tectonics of soluble rocks serve as intrinsic drivers of karst development,establishing the fundamental framework for karst processes.Meanwhile,climate acts as an extrinsic driving force,with both factors jointly shaping the development of karst landforms.Taking the karst in South China as an example,this study analyzes the influence of tectonic uplift on the differentiation of karst landforms.Distinct vertical hydrological profiles and erosion-dissolution base levels have been formed during different geological periods.To adapt to changes in these base levels,karst geomorphological zones have been developed at varying elevations.Moreover,the significant disparities in elevation also induce variations in climate,hydrology,and tectonic conditions,which in turn cause geomorphological differentiation in karst landforms.Meanwhile,China’s QinghaiXizang Plateau on the first terrain ladder is characterized by high altitude,low temperatures,and scarce rainfall.The development of modern karst is limited in this region,exhibiting only micro-karst formations on rock surfaces.In contrast,Southwest China(Yunnan,Sichuan,and Chongqing),located on the second terrain ladder,experiences abundant rainfall and steep slopes.This area undergoes intense fluvial downcutting,forming canyons and peak-cluster valleys.Meanwhile,Guangxi(China),Thailand,and other Indochina Peninsula plains lie on the third terrain ladder.These areas are characterized by a hot,humid climate and low-elevation terrains near sea level,exhibiting vigorous surface and subsurface karstification and developing classic karst landforms such as peak-cluster valleys,peak-forest plains,and isolated-peak plains.更多还原