【摘要】 目的 探究肠道菌群在高校高水平短跑运动员赛前状态对运动表现的影响中的可能作用。方法 调查或测试15名大学生短跑运动员在参加全国性比赛前的身体成分、膳食情况、能量消耗、睡眠效率、训练期间的心率和呼吸频率、血液（血细胞、生化和免疫指标）和尿液（尿常规）指标、心理状态问卷、肠道菌群丰度与分布等。根据赛后成绩较上次比赛成绩是否有提高分为成绩提高组（P组，n=8）和成绩未提高组（NP组，n=7），对比两组运动员上述指标测试结果的差异。结果 （1）赛前1周，P组大学生短跑运动员体脂率较NP组降低、肌肉含量较NP组增加；P组大学生短跑运动员总能量和三大宏量营养素摄入量高于NP组。（2）P组大学生短跑运动员血红蛋白、红细胞压积和平均血红蛋白水平高于NP组，血液白细胞数、皮质醇、血尿素、免疫球蛋白A、白介素-6和白介素-1β水平，尿液白细胞和蛋白检出率低于NP组。（3）P组大学生短跑运动员的认知焦虑（t=2.563,P=0.023）、躯体焦虑水平（t=2.161,P=0.043）、运动心理疲劳程度（t=3.016,P=0.010和t=2.516,P=0.026）、睡眠效率（t=2.637,P=0.021）均显著低于NP组，自信水平高于NP组（t=4.071, P=0.001）。（4）P组大学生短跑运动员肠道菌群alpha多样性高于NP组（t=2.261,P=0.042），两组beta多样性差异也有统计学意义（R=0.195,P=0.033;R=0.217,P=0.033）;P组大学生短跑运动员肠道菌群健康指数较高（t=4.071,P=0.001）；属水平上，P组大学生短跑运动员的差异菌属为Monoglobus(t=2.911, P=0.017)、 Phascolarctobacterium(t=2.898, P=0.010)、 Parabacteroides(t=2.373,P=0.032)、 Flavonifractor(t=2.369, P=0.034)、 Bilophila(t=2.161, P=0.043)、 Holdemania(t=2.897, P=0.019)、Candidatus＿Soleaferrea(t=2.158, P=0.042)、 Odoribacter(t=2.195, P=0.035), NP组为Atopobium(t=2.502,P=0.027)和Peptococcus (t=2.561,P=0.024)。结论 不同运动表现的大学生短跑运动员赛前膳食情况、对训练的适应性、心理状态、肠道菌群的丰度和分布均存在差异。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To explore the possible role of gut microbiota in the influence of pre-competition status on sports performance of college high-level sprinters. Methods The body composition, dietary status, energy expenditure, sleep efficiency, heart rate and respiratory rate during training, blood(blood cells, biochemical and immune indicators) and urine(routine urine) indicators, psychological status questionnaire, gut microbiota abundance and distribution of 15 college sprinters were investigated and tested before participating in national competitions. According to whether the post-competitions results had improved compared to the previous competition results, they were divided into a performance improvement group(P group, n=8) and a non-improvement group(NP group, n=7). The differences in the test results of the above indicators were compared between the two groups. Results(1) One week before the competition, the body fat rate in the P group was lower than NP group, and the muscle content increased compared with NP group; the total energy and three macronutrient intakes in P group were higher than in NP group.(2) The hemoglobin, hematocrit, and average hemoglobin concentration in the P group were higher than in NP group. The blood leukocyte count, levels of cortisol, blood urea, immunoglobulin A, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β, and the detection rates of urine leukocyte and protein in P group were lower than in NP group.(3) The cognitive anxiety(t=2.563, P=0.023), physical anxiety level(t=2.161, P=0.043), exercise psychological fatigue(t=3.016, P=0.010 & t=2.516, P=0.026) and sleep efficiency(t=2.637, P=0.021) in P group were significantly lower, and their self-confidence level(t=4.071, P=0.001) was higher than in NP group, respectively.(4) The alpha diversity in P group was higher than in NP group(t=2.261, P=0.042), and there was also a significant difference in beta diversity between the two groups(R=0.195, P=0.033 & R=0.217, P=0.033); The gut microbiome health index in P group was higher than in NP group(t=4.071, P=0.001). At the genus level, the differential bacteria were Monoglobus(t=2.911, P=0.017), Phascolarctobacterium(t=2.898, P=0.010), Parabacteroides(t=2.373, P=0.032), Flavonifractor(t=2.369, P=0.034), Bilophila(t=2.161, P=0.043), Holdemania(t=2.897, P=0.019), Candidatus＿Soleaferrea(t=2.158,P=0.042) and Odoribacter(t=2.195, P=0.035) in P group, and Atopobium(t=2.502, P=0.027) and Peptococcus(t=2.561,P=0.024) in NP group. Conclusion There are differences in pre-competition dietary conditions, adaptability to training,psychological state, and abundance and distribution of gut microbiota among college sprinters with different sports performance.更多还原