【摘要】 为降低高速列车受电弓气动噪声，采用大涡模拟（Large Eddy Simulation,LES）和FW-H(Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings)声类比方法，在对空气流动及表面声辐射影响较大的原型受电弓圆形上下臂杆及绝缘子立柱进行尖椭圆化改型设计基础上，采用三维流体分析软件STAR-CCM+对不同形状杆件受电弓进行流场特征和气动噪声数值模拟，并与原型受电弓进行对比。结果表明：受电弓远场辐射噪声主要集中在弓头、上下臂杆、底架及绝缘子等部位，尖椭圆化设计使受电弓上下臂杆和绝缘子迎流面压力减小，受电弓表面及周围流场的压力波动减弱，这是由于气流撞击受电弓形成的大尺度涡旋沿纵向方向发展破碎形成更小尺度的涡旋结构，进而降低了受电弓气动噪声；尖椭圆形状的改型受电弓较原型受电弓在横向、纵向方向均有气动降噪效果，时速350和400 km条件下改型受电弓纵向方向25 m处可分别降噪5.1和2.4 dB，降幅分别为6.7%和3.0%。研究结果可为设计制造新型低噪声高速列车受电弓提供基本数据支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 To reduce the aerodynamic noise of high-speed train pantographs, based on the Large Eddy Simulation（LES） and FW-H（Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings） acoustic analogy method, the three-dimensional fluid flow analysis code STAR-CCM+ was used to numerically simulate the flow characteristics and aerodynamic noise reduction of pantographs with different cross-section shapes of arms. The upper and lower arms and insulators of pantograph, which have great influence on flow and surface acoustic radiation, were designed with sharp-end-shaped elliptical arms, and the current field characteristics and aerodynamic noise were compared with those of the original pantograph. The results show that the far-field radiated noise of pantographs mainly concentrates on the pantograph head, upper and lower arms, underframe and insulators. Pantograph with cross-section of sharp-end-shaped elliptical arms can reduce the pressure on the upper and lower arms of the pantograph and the upstream surface of insulators. The pressure fluctuations on the surface and surrounding flow of the pantograph are weakened, and the large-scale vortices formed when the air flows through the upstream surface of the pantograph, come into contact with the rear parts of pantograph and then develop and break into more smaller ones along the longitudinal direction. All these result in reduction of the aerodynamic noise of pantograph. The upper, lower arms and insulators with sharp-end-shaped ellipsoids cross-section has aerodynamic noise reduction effects in both the lateral and longitudinal directions. At two running speeds of 350 km · h^-1 and 400 km · h^-1, the aerodynamic noise of the arms with sharp-end-shaped ellipsoids cross-section can be reduced by 5. 1 dB and 2. 4 dB, with a reduction percentage of 6. 7% and 3. 0% respectively, at a distance of 25 m in the flow direction. The results of present work can provide fundamental data in designing and manufacturing new type low-noise high-speed train pantographs.更多还原