【摘要】 土地沙化是吉林省西部的主要生态环境问题之一，农田沙化和土地盐碱化严重影响了当地农业生产。在沙化地区实施农林复合模式可提高沙地防风固沙功能、改良土壤、增加农业生产力。以吉林省沙化土地的4种典型农林复合模式，即4行杨树+玉米、单层杨树网格+大豆、单层杨树网格+高粱、7行杨树+花生为研究对象，通过无人机遥感监测和样地取样监测，对土壤养分含量、土壤盐碱化程度、土壤侵蚀模数及其动力因子、作物生物量和作物产量进行分析，并设置仅种植作物的对照组进行对比分析，结果表明：(1)农林复合模式的实施可以有效增加土壤养分含量，降低土壤盐碱化程度，防护林主风向后的3个林带平均高度至7个林带平均高度范围内是农林复合模式改善土壤养分条件、减轻土壤盐碱化的最佳范围；(2)4种农林复合模式均可显著降低风速，增加地表粗糙度，并将土壤侵蚀模数控制在1 000 t/(km~2·a)以下，防风固沙的效果较好；(3)4种农林复合模式的作物生物量和作物产量均有显著提高，但对作物N、P、K元素含量影响较小；(4)农林复合模式通过增加土壤养分含量，降低土壤盐碱化程度，推动土壤肥力提升，控制区域风蚀发生，可有效促进作物生长，提高作物产量；(5)目前吉林省沙地农林复合模式的防护林树种较单一，大多为杨树，且林龄配置不合理，需因地制宜进行优化。更多还原

【Abstract】 Desertification is one of the major ecological problems in western Jilin Province,where sandy farmland and soil salinization severely affect local agricultural production.Implementing agroforestry models in sandylands can enhance windbreak and sand fixation functions,improve soil quality,and increase agricultural productivity.The paper took four typical agroforestry models in sandy lands of Jilin Province as research projects,including four rows of poplar and corn,single-layer poplar grid and soybean,single-layer poplar grid and sorghum,and seven rows of poplar and peanut,analyzed soil nutrient content,soil salinization degree,soil erosion modulus and its dynamic factors,crop biomass,and crop yield through UAV remote sensing monitoring and field sampling,and established control groups only with crops for comparative analysis.The results show that:a) implementing agroforestry models effectively increase soil nutrient content and reduce soil salinization degree,and the optimal range for improving soil nutrients and mitigating soil salinization is between three to seven times the average height of the windbreak forest downwind;b) all four agroforestry models significantly reduce wind speed,increase surface roughness,and maintain soil erosion modulus below 1 000 t/(km~2·a),demonstrating their excellent windbreak and sand fixation effects;c) four agroforestry models significantly increase crop biomass and yield,though their impact on N,P,and K content in crops is limited;d) by increasing soil nutrients content,reducing soil salinization degree,improving soil fertility,and controlling wind erosion,agroforestry models effectively promote crop growth and increase yield;e) current windbreak tree species of agroforestry models is poplar predominantly in sandy lands of Jilin and the collocation of forest age is improper.The agroforestry models need to be optimized.更多还原