【摘要】 全国人民代表大会常务委员会2014年修订的《中华人民共和国环境保护法》（以下简称《环境保护法》）为中国生态环境保护工作提供了重要的法律依据。《环境保护法》的实施体现了生态环境法治实践理性。生态环境法治实践理性是环境法调整社会关系时的基本价值立场。研究回顾了《环境保护法》的实施情况，在此基础上进一步探讨生态环境法治实践理性的内涵、特点与方法。研究发现，《环境保护法》在实施过程中，通过“政府-企业”一体监督、“党委-政府”共同担责的方式健全了生态环境监督机制，通过刚性执法措施确保了生态环境法制有效实施，通过公众参与促进了生态环境多元共治。从内涵层面看，《环境保护法》实施所蕴含的生态环境法治实践理性具有法律实践理性与生态实践理性相统一的内在规定性。其中，前者提供了建立在价值层级与制度体系上的法制实施框架，后者提供了优化实施与价值调适的视角。从基本特点层面看，生态环境法治的实践理性立足中国生态环境法治实践、借鉴国际生态环境治理经验，为《环境保护法》的实施提供了机制和方法的借鉴。从法律运用层面看：一方面，应当基于保护优先理念规范法律适用，在生态环境法律实施的过程中规范裁量权，合理适用原则和政策等要素；另一方面，应当基于适度调适理念优化实施机制，确保法律的实施规范性并发挥法律的统摄功能。研究以《环境保护法》的实施为视角分析了生态环境法治的实践理性意蕴，对新时期生态环境法治建设的理念和方法等学理问题进行了探索。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China(hereinafter referred to as the Environmental Protection Law), revised in 2014 by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, provides an important legal basis for ecological and environmental protection in China. The implementation of the Environmental Protection Law embodies the practical rationality of ecological and environmental rule of law. The practical rationality of ecological and environmental rule of law in this context represents the fundamental value stance adopted by environmental law when regulating social relations. This study reviews the implementation of the Environmental Protection Law and further explores the connotation, characteristics, and methodologies of practical rationality in ecological and environmental rule of law. The study finds that, since the implementation of the Environmental Protection Law, the ecological and environmental supervision mechanism has been improved through integrated “government—enterprise” oversight and shared “Party Committee—government” responsibility. Stringent enforcement measures have ensured the effective implementation of ecological and environmental legal systems, while public participation has promoted diversified co-governance in ecological and environmental protection. In terms of connotation, the practical rationality embodied in the implementation of the Environmental Protection Law integrates legal practical rationality and ecological practical rationality. The former provides a legal enforcement framework based on a hierarchy of values and institutional systems, while the latter offers perspectives for optimizing implementation and value adjustment. In terms of basic characteristics, the practical rationality of ecological and environmental rule of law is grounded in China’s practical experience in ecological and environmental governance and draws on relevant international governance experiences, providing mechanisms and methodological references for the implementation of the Environmental Protection Law. From the perspective of legal application, on the one hand, the application of the law should be standardized based on the principle of protection priority, regulating discretionary power during the enforcement of ecological and environmental laws and reasonably applying legal principles and policies. On the other hand, implementation mechanisms should be optimized based on the concept of moderate adjustment, ensuring normative enforcement and leveraging the overarching function of the law. This study analyzes the practical rationality of ecological and environmental rule of law from the perspective of the implementation of the Environmental Protection Law and explores academic issues concerning the concepts and methods of ecological and environmental rule of law in the new era.更多还原