【摘要】 基于流域多元主体用水权交易视角的生态补偿是落实生态保护权责，推进生态文明建设的重要手段，应聚焦多元主体共同参与的协同治理目标，回应更为广泛的价值诉求。该研究通过剖析个体理性和集体理性资源配置决策张力，识别表征用水权交易外部性，构建纳入外部性的流域多元主体生态补偿协同治理框架，基于“政府公务人-市场经济人-公众生态人”多元主体生态补偿演化博弈模型，分析演化稳定策略对用水权交易生态补偿的影响，利用MATLAB软件进行数值仿真和模型验证。研究结果表明：(1)基于边际净收益最大化的水资源配置的个体理性和集体理性存在一定张力，无法实现水资源的帕累托最优配置。(2)流域多元主体用水权交易生态补偿需构建上下协同、左右协同、内外协同的多层次协同治理制度。(3)多元主体策略选择显著影响用水权交易生态补偿，其中激励政策、惩罚措施、机会成本损失、机会成本收益、自愿披露信息收益和强制披露信息成本具有更为显著的影响作用。因此，需要完善多层次流域生态补偿协同治理体系，基于主体功能区差异性因地制宜探索生态补偿路径，综合运用奖惩互补机制、外部内化机制和信息披露监督机制，创新用水权交易生态补偿手段，实现资源互补、能力互嵌、制度互动、价值互融、激励互容的多元主体相互赋能增效协同治理格局。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ecological compensation from the perspective of water rights trading among multiple stakeholders in river basins is an important means to implement the rights and responsibilities of ecological protection and promote the construction of ecological civilization. It should focus on the synergistic governance goal of the participation of multiple subjects and respond to a wider range of value demands. This study analyzed the tension between individual rationality and collective rationality in resource allocation decision-making, identified and characterized the externality of water rights trading, and constructed a framework for synergistic governance of ecological compensation among multiple stakeholders in river basins that incorporated externalities. Based on an evolutionary game model of multiple stakeholders(government officials-market economists-public ecologists) for ecological compensation, this study analyzed the impact of evolutionary stabilization strategies on ecological compensation through water rights trading. Numerical simulation and model validation were carried out using MATLAB. The results showed that:(1) There was a certain tension between the individual rationality and collective rationality of water resource allocation based on the maximization of marginal net returns, which could not achieve the Pareto-optimal allocation of water resources.(2) Ecological compensation through water rights trading among multiple stakeholders in river basins required the construction of a multi-level synergistic governance system with up-down, left-right, and internal-external synergies.(3) The strategy choices of the multiple stakeholders significantly affected ecological compensation through water rights trading. Among them, incentive policies, penalty measures, opportunity cost losses, opportunity cost gains, voluntary information disclosure benefits, and mandatory information disclosure costs had a more significant influence. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the multi-level synergistic governance system for river basin ecological compensation, explore the paths of ecological compensation based on the differences of the main functional areas according to local conditions, comprehensively use the complementary mechanism of rewards and penalties, the external internalization mechanism, and the information disclosure and supervision mechanism, and innovate the means of ecological compensation through water rights trading, so as to realize a synergistic governance pattern of multiple stakeholders’ mutual empowerment and efficiency enhancement with complementarity of resources, mutual embedding of capacities, interaction of systems, mutual integration of values, and mutual tolerance of incentives.更多还原