【摘要】 探讨中国居民膳食结构对水-土-碳排放系统的影响效应对于保证中国粮食安全、实现碳中和目标、促进可持续发展和健康中国建设具有重要意义。该研究基于《中国统计年鉴（2023）》及《成人肥胖食养指南（2024年版）》中的膳食数据，采用2022年中国居民的膳食消费数据，引入虚拟水、虚拟土地、碳排放系数的概念对中国居民膳食结构对水-土-碳排放系统的影响效应进行探讨。研究结果表明：(1)中国居民肉类和粮食的消费对水-土-碳排放系统的影响较大。此外，除水果外，中国居民膳食结构的食物消费水足迹、用地需求和碳排放的变化趋势基本一致。(2)中国居民膳食结构对水-土-碳排放系统的影响效应存在明显地域差异。从城乡来看，农村居民的食物消费水足迹、用地需求和碳排放量均低于城市居民。从区域来看，中国中、南部地区的食物消费水足迹、用地需求和碳排放量整体高于北部地区，其中华东地区最高。(3)中国居民膳食消费的水土资源消耗总量实际值低于《成人肥胖食养指南（2024年版）》的理论值，而食物碳排放量实际值明显高于理论值。具体来说，牛奶和蔬菜的水-土-碳排放量显著低于理论值，而肉类和粮食显著高于理论值。(4)中国居民对于粮食、油籽和肉类的水、土、碳资源消耗呈现浪费状况，总体食物消费上中国的水、土、碳资源并未达到浪费状况，但对土地资源的节约率较低。建议：在遵循居民膳食平衡原则的基础上，鼓励中国居民摄入更多的蔬菜、水果及优质蛋白质；加大对相关均衡膳食知识的宣传力度，提高中国居民尤其是西北地区农村居民对均衡膳食的认识；优化食物供给，降低食物对水土资源的消耗及碳排放；推动《中华人民共和国反食品浪费法》等相关法律法规落地实施。更多还原

【Abstract】 Exploring the effects of Chinese residents’ dietary pattern on the water-land-carbon emission system is of great significance for ensuring China’s food security, achieving the goal of carbon neutrality, promoting sustainable development, and advancing the Healthy China initiative. Based on the China Statistical Yearbook 2023 and Adult Obesity Dietary Guidelines(2024 Edition), this study used Chinese residents’ dietary consumption data in 2022 and introduced the concepts of virtual water, virtual land, and carbon emission coefficient to explore the effects of Chinese residents’ dietary pattern on the water-land-carbon emission system. The results showed that:(1) The consumption of meat and grain by Chinese residents had a comparatively significant impact on the water-land-carbon emission system. In addition, with the exception of fruits, the trends in water footprint of food consumption, land requirements for food, and carbon emissions of Chinese residents’ dietary pattern were largely consistent.(2) The regional disparities in the effects of Chinese residents’ dietary pattern on the water-land-carbon emission system were significant. From an urban-rural perspective, the water footprint of food consumption, land requirements for food, and carbon emissions of rural residents were significantly lower than those of urban residents. From a regional perspective, the water footprint of food consumption, land requirements for food, and carbon emissions in the central and southern regions of China were generally higher than those in the northern region, with the highest levels observed in East China.(3) The actual consumption of water and land resources for Chinese residents’ dietary was lower than the theoretical values specified in the Adult Obesity Dietary Guidelines(2024 Edition), while the actual carbon emissions were significantly higher than the theoretical values. Specifically, the water-land-carbon emissions from milk and vegetable consumption were significantly lower than the theoretical values, while emissions from meat and grain consumption were higher than the theoretical values.(4) The consumption of water, land, and carbon resources by Chinese residents associated with grain, oilseed, and meat showed signs of waste. While China’s overall food consumption did not reach wasteful levels regarding these resources, the efficiency of land resource conservation was relatively low. Based on these findings, this study recommends encouraging Chinese residents to consume more vegetables, fruits, and high-quality protein following the principles of a balanced diet. Efforts should be made to enhance the promotion of balanced dietary practices and to improve its awareness among Chinese residents, especially rural residents in Northwest China. Food supply systems should be optimized, and food consumption of water and soil resources and carbon emissions should be reduced. Furthermore, the implementation of relevant laws and regulations, such as the Anti-Food Waste Law of the People’s Republic of China, should be actively promoted.更多还原