【摘要】 本文旨在研究有机牛奶中常规营养成分与脂肪酸含量的影响因素。2020年12月～2022年3月采集了河北省承德两个有机牧场的奶牛生产性能测定（DHI）数据16210条，在2021年3～5月随机留奶样51个并进行脂肪酸含量的测定，针对不同胎次、不同泌乳期、不同牧场对有机牛奶中常规营养成分（乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳糖率、总固形物）和脂肪酸含量（单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸、饱和脂肪酸、不饱和脂肪酸、长链脂肪酸）的影响效应进行了研究。结果显示：场次对有机牛奶中的乳脂率产生显著影响（P<0.05），牧场B显著高于牧场A(P<0.05)；泌乳阶段和胎次对有机牛奶中常规营养成分产生显著影响（P<0.05）,2胎、3胎牛奶营养成分含量较高，5胎最低；有机牛奶中常规营养成分含量在产后51～100d最低，在产后351～400d最高；胎次显著影响有机牛奶中的主要脂肪酸含量（P<0.05）,2胎、3胎牛奶中脂肪酸含量较高，4胎最低；泌乳阶段对有机牛奶中脂肪酸含量（除短链脂肪酸）不产生显著差异（P>0.05）；场次对有机牛奶中各种类型的脂肪酸含量未产生显著影响（P>0.05）。本研究的结果不仅为我国有机牛奶中营养成分变化规律的研究奠定了基础，而且也为提高有机牛奶及奶制品的品质提供了科学参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 The purpose of this study was to study the factors affecting the content of conventional nutrients and fatty acids in organic milk.From December 2020 to March 2022, 16,210 DHI data of dairy cows from two organic milk farms in Hebei Chengde were collected, and 51 milk samples were randomly retained from March to May 2021 for determination of fatty acid content. The effects of different parities,different lactation period and different farms on conventional nutrients(milk fat percentage, milk protein percentage, lactose percentage, total solid matter) and fatty acid content(monounsaturated fatty acid, polyunsaturated fatty acid, saturated fatty acid, unsaturated fatty acid, long chain fatty acid) in organic milk were studied. The results showed as follows: the milk fat percentage in milk from farm B was significantly higher than that from farm A(P<0.05). Lactation stage and parity had significant effects on the content of conventional nutrients in milk(P<0.05). The content of conventional nutrients in milk was higher in the second and third parities, and the lowest in the fifth parities. The content of conventional nutrients in milk was the lowest at 51-100 days postpartum and the highest at 351-400 days postpartum. Parity significantly affected the contents of main fatty acids in milk(P<0.05), the contents of fatty acids in milk of second and third triplets were higher, and the contents of fatty acids in fourth triplets were the lowest. There was no significant difference in fatty acid content(except short-chain fatty acid) in milk during lactation stage(P>0.05). The effect of different farms had no significant effect on the contents of various fatty acids in milk(P>0.05).The results of this study not only laid a foundation for the study of the changes of nutrients in organic milk in China, but also provided a scientific reference for improving the quality of organic milk and milk products.更多还原