【摘要】 在回采前查明矿井工作面应力分布是矿井动力灾害有效防治的前提条件。为了在回采前有效查明矿井工作面的应力分布，综合样品超声实验测试、工作面应力分布仿真模拟和实例工作面折射波层析反演等技术方法，探讨了利用工作面顶板关键层折射纵波层析反演工作面应力分布的技术方法，并在此基础上分析了影响工作面应力分布的主要因素。研究结果表明，在0～40 MPa应力范围，灰岩顶板关键层样品的纵横波速度与应力单调正相关。相对于横波来说，纵波速度对应力变化更敏感，用其预测应力变化效果更好；相对于二维层析反演来说，三维层析反演不仅能表征工作面纵波速度分布的总体趋势，还能表征工作面纵波速度分布的精细变化，效果更优。对于实例工作面A来说，采空区和褶曲构造是影响工作面应力分布的主要因素。马鞍形构造和褶曲核部对应高应力异常，背斜到向斜间的过渡带对应低应力异常，新近采空区一侧工作面的应力明显高于采空较久一侧工作面。由于具有坚硬顶板关键层的矿井工作面广泛存在，该应力分布反演技术和影响因素分析方法具有理论意义和应用价值，值得深入研究和推广应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Finding out in-situ stress distributions of coalmine working faces before mining is a prerequisite for effectively preventing and controlling coalmine dynamic disasters. To effectively find out the stress distributions of coalmine working faces before mining, we have incorporated several technologies, including ultrasonic lab testing of key roof samples, forward simulation of the working face′s stress distribution, and refracted wave tomography inversion of a case working face, to discuss the technology of using refracted P-wave of roof key layer to tomographically inverse stress distributions in coalmine working faces. We have also analyzed the main factors affecting the stress distributions of the case working face A. The results show that in the stress range of 0～40 MPa, P-and S-wave velocities of the roof key layer positively correlate with the stress. Compared with S-wave velocity, P-wave velocity is more sensitive to stress changes, and it is better to predict stress variations. Compared with the two-dimensional(2D) tomography inversion, the threedimensional tomography(3D) inversion can characterize the overall trend and delicate changes of the P-wave velocity distributions of coalmine working faces. Therefore, 3D tomography inversion is better than 2D tomography inversion. For the case study, the mined-out voids and the folded structures are the main factors affecting the stress distribution of the working face. The saddle-shaped structures and the fold cores correspond to the high-stress anomaly, the transition zones between anticlines and synclines correspond to the lowstress anomaly, and the stress of the working face on the side of the new mined-out void is significantly higher than that on the side of the mined-out void for a long time. Due to the widespread existence of coalmine working faces with stiff roof key layers, the stress distribution inversion technology and influencing factor analysis method proposed in the paper have theoretical significance and application value, which are worthy of in-depth research and large-scale applications.更多还原