【摘要】 目的 采用数据挖掘方法分析国家专利库中外敷中药治疗近视的用药规律。方法检索中国专利公布公告网站中外敷中药治疗近视的相关专利，检索时间为建库至2023年12月31日，将筛选得到的外敷中药专利复方整理并录入Excel软件中进行整理及规范，对用药频次、性味归经及功效进行统计分析。采用SPSS Modeler 18软件对药物进行关联规则分析，对提升度>1的药物组合建立药物关联规则网络图，并对支持度进行排序。采用SPSS 20.0软件对频次≥35次的药物进行系统聚类分析。结果 （1）一般情况：纳入治疗近视的外敷中药复方专利243项，涉及中药441味，累计频次3,124次。（2）用药频次：用药频次≥30次的高频中药有27味，排名前5位的为菊花（148次，4.74%）、决明子（134次，4.29%）、枸杞子（93次，2.97%）、冰片（87次，2.78%）、当归（80次，2.56%）。（3）性味归经：四气以寒性药最多，共709次（22.70%）；五味以甘味药最多，共811次（25.96%）；归经以归肝经最多，共1,092次（35.00%）。（4）功效：用药频次≥10次的中药以功效分类，排名前5位的为补虚药（17味，22.67%）、清热药（16味，21.33%）、解表药（15味，20.00%）、活血化瘀药（8味，10.67%）、平肝熄风药（4味，5.33%）。（5）关联规则：二、三、四味药物组合关联度最高的分别为决明子-菊花、菊花-枸杞子-决明子、枸杞子-薄荷-决明子-菊花。（6）聚类分析：可将药物聚为3类，第Ⅰ类功效为疏肝解郁、清肝明目；第Ⅱ类功效为补肾养肝、行气活血；第Ⅲ类功效为益气养心、定志益智。结论 治疗近视的外敷中药国家专利用药多以清肝明目、补肾养肝、安神益智为法，核心药物包括菊花、决明子、枸杞子、冰片、川芎、当归、薄荷等。更多还原

【Abstract】 OBJECTIVE To explore the medication patterns of external application of Chinese medicine for the treatment of myopia using data mining techniques based on the National Patent Database of China. METHODS Patents related to externally applied Chinese medicine prescriptions for myopia were retrieved from the China Patent Publication Announcement Database up to December 31st, 2023. After screening, the prescription formulas were organized and standardized using Excel software. Statistical analyses were conducted on medication frequency, Four Qi, Five Flavors, meridian tropism, and therapeutic functions. Association rule analysis was performed using SPSS Modeler 18, generating drug association rule networks based on lift > 1 and ranking by support values. Hierarchical clustering of medicines with usage frequency ≥35 was conducted using SPSS 20.0. RESULTS(1) A total of 243 patents involving 441 Chinese medicines were included, with 3,124 cumulative occurrences.(2) Highfrequency medicines(≥30 uses): 27 medicines were identified, with the top five being Chrysanthemi flos(148, 4.74%), Cassiae semen(134, 4.29%), Lycii fructus(93, 2.97%), Borneolum syntheticum(87, 2.78%), and Angelicae sinensis radix(80, 2.56%).(3) Four Qi and Five Flavors, Meridian Tropism: Cold medicines were most frequently used(709 times, 22.70%). Sweet flavor was the most common(811 times, 25.96%). The liver meridian was the most frequently targeted(1,092 times, 35.00%).(4) Therapeutic functions: Among medicines used ≥10 times, the most common categories were tonifying medicines(17 types, 22.67%), heat-clearing medicines(16 types, 21.33%), exterior-releasing medicines(15 types, 20.00%), blood-activating and stasisresolving medicines(8 types, 10.67%), and liver-calming and wind-extinguishing medicines(4 types, 5.33%).(5) Association rules: The strongest medicine combinations were Cassiae semen –Chrysanthemi flos(2 medicines), Chrysanthemi flos – Lycii fructus – Cassiae semen(3 medicines), and Lycii fructus – Menthae haplocalycis herba – Cassiae semen – chrysanthemi flos(4 medicines).(6) Cluster analysis: Three functional clusters emerged: Type Ⅰ(soothing liver and relieving depression, clearing liver and improving vision); Type Ⅱ(tonifying kidney and liver, promoting Qi and activating blood); Type Ⅲ(tonifying Qi and calming heart, stabilizing mind and enhancing intelligence). CONCLUSIONS The external application of Chinese medicine in national patents for the treatment of myopia predominantly follows therapeutic principles of clearing liver and improving vision, tonifying kidney and liver, and calming mind to enhance intelligence. Core medicines include Chrysanthemi flos, Cassiae semen, Lycii fructus, Borneolum syntheticum, Chuanxiong rhizoma, angelicae sinensis radix, and Menthae haplocalycis herba.更多还原