【摘要】 目的 分析妊娠糖尿病高危孕妇膳食与发病风险的关联性。方法 采用横断面调查,选取2023年1月—2024年7月在济宁市任城区妇幼保健院营养门诊进行常规产检的高危孕妇为研究对象,收集调查对象的一般资料、膳食信息以及口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)结果。采用主成分分析法提取膳食模式,通过二元Logistic回归模型分析妊娠期糖尿病高危孕妇膳食模式与发病风险之间的关联。结果 年龄、孕前体重指数和不良孕产史与妊娠糖尿病的发病存在相关性(P<0.05);本研究提取出3种膳食模式,其中蔬菜-豆制品-坚果模式是妊娠期糖尿病发病的保护因素[OR=0.501 (0.284,0.884)]。亚组分析显示,孕前超重或肥胖(BMI≥24 kg/m~2)者,蔬菜-豆制品-坚果膳食模式得分水平与妊娠期糖尿病之间的关联性变得更强,OR值由0.501变为0.217,显示出更强的保护作用。结论 蔬菜-豆制品-坚果膳食模式与妊娠期糖尿病的发病风险之间存在相关性,在孕前超重或肥胖(BMI≥24 kg/m~2)的孕妇群体中,该相关性增强。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the association between dietary patterns and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) in pregnant women at high risk.Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted among pregnant women at high risk who underwent routine antenatal check-ups at the nutrition clinic of Rencheng District Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Jining city,from January 2023 to July 2024.General data,dietary information,and oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) results were collected.Principal component analysis was used to extract dietary patterns.Binary Logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between dietary patterns and GDM risk.Results Age,pre-pregnancy body mass index(BMI),and hisorty of adverse pregnancy outcomes were significantly associated with the development of GDM(P <0.05).Three dietary patterns were identified.Binary Logistic regression analysis revealed that the vegetables,soy products,and nuts dietary pattern was a protective factor against GDM in high-risk pregnant women [OR=0.501,95% CI:0.284-0.884].Subgroup analysis showed that among women who were overweight or obese before pregnancy(BMI≥24kg/m~2),the association became stronger [OR changed from 0.501 to 0.217],indicating an enhanced protective effect.Conclusion The vegetables,soy products,and nuts dietary pattern was associated with a reduced risk of GDM.This inverse asociation was stronger among pregnant women who were overweight or obese before pregnancy(BMI≥24 kg/mm~2).更多还原